进水浓度变化对折流式人工湿地装置各区段菌群结构的影响  

The Effect of Influent Concentration on the Microbial Community Structure of Each Section of Baffle Artificial Sewage Treatment Plant

作　　者：林锦美[1,3] 郭立 黄云凤 段金明[1] 刘启明[1] 巫晶晶[1] LIN Jinmei;GUO Li;HUANG Yunfeng;DUAN Jinming;LIU Qiming;WU Jingjing(College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;College of Resource and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 101400,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学港口与海岸工程学院,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京101400 [3]福建省食品微生物与酶工程重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《集美大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期9-19,共11页Journal of Jimei University:Natural Science

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目“半封闭海湾微塑料污染特征与风险评价”(2023J01794);福建省自然科学基金项目“城市餐厨垃圾处理的减污降碳协同机制与调控对策研究”(2023J01328);厦门市科技补助项目“多段可选式生物除臭技术开发”(2022CXY0308);企业技术开发项目“海水养殖尾水处理技术研究与工程设计”(S22266)。

摘　　要：为探究进水浓度对折流式人工湿地细菌微生物群落的影响,设置3种低浓度污水的模拟进水实验,每日监测水质参数,并利用高通量测序技术分析折流式人工湿地不同区域微生物菌群的构成。研究结果表明:1)该装置处理进水浓度较高的污水时效率较高,COD、TN、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N的去除率最高分别可达89.9%、71.7%、63.5%、96.3%。2)折流式人工湿地的下行池和表层中细菌丰度和多样性指数较高;上行池的下层受进水浓度影响较大,细菌丰度较低且菌群结构与其他采样点存在显著差异。细菌丰度随进水浓度的增加而增加,多样性则呈现先增加后减少的趋势。3)测序结果显示,在不同的进水条件和区域环境下,变形菌门相对丰度达60%~80%,为绝对优势细菌;其他优势菌门,包括厚壁菌门和放线菌门等,相对丰度在1%~10%之间不等;优势菌纲主要以α-变形菌、β-变形菌和放线菌为主;在中低浓度下主要菌属为Sphingomonas,而在高浓度下则主要是Vogesella和Arthrobacter。根据各区域的菌群组成状况,推测湿地各区域的菌群差异主要与该区域的营养环境和进水条件有关。4)区域性差异分析表明,随着浓度的升高,折流式人工湿地各区域的菌群组成趋于相似。5)FAPROTAX分析表明,折流式人工湿地最丰富的功能基因为化能自养类、硝化反硝化类、寄生菌型,且主要基因在下行池最为丰富。The aim of this study was to examine the impact of influent concentration on bacterial microbial communities in baffled constructed wetlands.Three experiments were conducted using low-concentration simulated sewage influent,with daily monitoring of water quality parameters and analysis of microbial flora composition in different sections using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results indicated that the treatment efficiency of the system is heightened when processing sewage with higher influent concentrations,with removal rates for COD,TN,TP,and NH_(4)^-N reaching up to 89.9%,71.7%,63.5%,and 96.3%,respectively.The lower and surface layers of the baffled constructed wetland exhibited greater bacterial abundance and diversity indices.However,the lower layer in the upper pond was significantly influenced by influent concentration,displaying lower bacterial abundance and a distinct microbial community structure compared to other sampling points.Bacterial community abundance increased with rising influent concentration,with diversity initially increasing before declining.High-throughput sequencing revealed Proteobacteria to be the dominant phylum,comprising 60%-80%of bacterial abundance across different inlet conditions and regions.Other dominant phyla included Firmicutes and Actinomycetes,with relative abundances ranging from 1%to 10%.The main bacterial classes wereα-Proteobacteria,β-Proteobacteria,and Actinomycetes.At medium and low concentrations,the predominant genera were Sphingomonas,while at high concentrations,Vogesella and Arthrobacter predominated,respectively.Regional difference analysis revealed increasing similarity in species composition across all sections of the baffled constructed wetland with rising influent concentration.FAPROTAX analysis identified chemoautotrophs,nitrification and denitrification,and parasitic bacteria as the most abundant functional genes,with the majority concentrated in the downward pool.

关 键 词：折流式人工湿地 微生物 多样性 进水浓度 菌群结构 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]