晚清西学东渐下的小说评点新变及其审视  

The New Changes and Examination of Novel Criticism under the Trend of the Eastward Transmission of Western Learning in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：蒋玉斌[1] 童明婷 JIANG Yu-bin;TONG Ming-ting(School of Chinese Language and Literature,China West Normal University,Nanchong 639009,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学文学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期90-101,F0002,共13页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“清代学术思潮的嬗变与小说评点研究”(10BZW059)。

摘　　要：晚清东渐的西学不仅迅速而明显地影响了中国的科技,而且对中国文化也产生了较为深远的影响。作为中国文学批评的小说评点亦深受西学东渐的影响,只是相对滞后。道光以降,在中西文化交汇中的小说评点出现了西学东渐影响下的新景象。其“新”之处在于:其一,以西学观念观照中国小说,主要表现在以西学观念评点传统小说和“新小说”两个方面,以西学观念评点小说提升了思想启蒙与小说审美性的理论水平,但也存在着过分注重政治性与功利性、夸大小说功能等问题;其二,西学话语充盈小说评点,西学“新话语”广泛散布于小说期刊“发刊辞”、“缘起”、序跋、回评等评点中,已逐步成为了中国小说评点话语不可分割的有机组成部分,其原因在于晚清的小说评点者积极倡导思想启蒙,但又在传统的文言文中难以找到相对应的话语;其三,西方小说成为评点小说的重要参照,可以从以西方小说为重要参照评点中国小说和对西方小说本身的评价两个角度来理解,这反映了当时西方小说的长处及其巨大的社会功能为中国小说界所特别重视的小说风气。晚清西学东渐下的小说评点虽然并不成熟,但其推动了中国的小说理论向前发展,它也并未异化为西方的文学批评,仍为中国的文学批评,是中西文化交流的结果。The eastward transmission of Western learning in the Late Qing Dynasty not only exerted a rapid and obvious influence on China's science and technology,but also exerted a profound influence on Chinese culture.The criticism of novels in Chinese literary criticism was also deeply influenced by the eastward transmission of Western learning,but it relatively lagged behind.After the period of Emperor Daoguang,In the intersection of Chinese and Western cultures,a new scene of novel criticism under the influence of the eastward transmission of Western learning emerged.The“new”lies in:firstly,to study Chinese novel with the concepts of Western learning is mainly reflected in the two aspects of evaluating traditional novels and“new novels”with Western learning concepts,which improved the theoretical level of ideological enlightenment and aesthetic value of novels,meanwhile faced some issues such as overemphasis on political and utilitarian aspects and an exaggeration of the function of novels.Secondly,Western learning discourse abounds in the criticism of novels,with the"new discourse"of Western learning widely disseminated in the“inaugural address”,“origin”,“prefaces and postscripts”and reviews of novel periodicals,gradually becoming an integral and organic part of Chinese novel criticism.This is due to the active advocacy of ideological enlightenment by the novel critics of the late Qing Dynasty,who found it difficult to find corresponding discourses in traditional classical Chinese.Thirdly,Western novels have become an important reference for novel criticism,which can be understood from the two perspectives of using Western novels as a significant reference for evaluating Chinese novels and evaluating Western novels themselves.This reflects the strength of the Western novel and its great social function that attract the special attention of the Chinese novel circle at that time.Under the background of the eastward transmission of Western learning,the novel criticism in the late Qing Dynasty was not

关 键 词：晚清 小说评点 西学东渐 中西文化 中国文学批评 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]