两种五倍子树炭疽病菌的生物学特性及其对八种杀菌剂的敏感性  

Biological characteristics of two pathogens of Rhus chinensis anthracnose and their sensitivity to eight fungicides

作　　者：徐小文 李科 张子一[1] 李金英[1] 张品德 查玉平[1] XU Xiaowen;LI Ke;ZHANG Ziyi;LI Jinying;ZHANG Pinde;ZHA Yuping(Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,China;Faculty of Resources and Enviromental Science Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;Wufeng Chicheng Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Wufeng 443413,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075 [2]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430062 [3]五峰赤诚生物科技有限公司,湖北五峰443413

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2025年第1期28-33,共6页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：林草国家创新联盟自筹研发项目“‘林药蜂’产业融合关键技术研究与开发”(GLM[2021]23号);五峰土家族自治县林业局五倍子丰产栽培科技攻关项目“五峰五倍子病虫害综合防治技术研究”(202303);神农架林区林业科技计划项目“神农架五倍子培育技术示范推广”(SAF202102)。

摘　　要：为明确湖北五倍子树炭疽病病原菌的生物学特性,筛选防治该病害的高效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法,测定2种炭疽病菌在不同培养条件下的菌落直径及其对8种杀菌剂的敏感性,利用血球计数板测定分生孢子产孢量、孢子萌发率及附着胞形成率。结果表明,睡莲炭疽菌Colletotrichum nymphaeae和松针炭疽菌Colletotrichum fioriniae在25℃和p H值为7.0条件下均生长最快,最适碳氮源均为可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨,睡莲炭疽菌菌丝生长最适光照条件是24 h全黑培养,松针炭疽菌菌丝生长最适光照条件是12 h光暗交替;松针炭疽菌产孢量和分生孢子萌发率均高于睡莲炭疽菌;睡莲炭疽菌和松针炭疽菌对苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺和肟菌酯等5种杀真菌剂较为敏感,EC50值均小于1.0μg/m L,两者均对咪鲜胺最为敏感,EC50值分别为0.37μg/m L和0.055μg/m L。该研究结果为五倍子树炭疽病的有效防控提供参考。To clarify the biological characteristics of pathogens of Rhus chinensis anthracnose in Hubei province and to screen out the efficient fungicides for the control of this disease,the mycelial growth rate method was adopted to determine the colony diameter of the two pathogens at different conditions,as well as their sensitivity to eight fungicides.The hemocytometer was used to measure the conidiation,germination rate and appressorium formation rate.The results showed that the optimum growth temperature of both Colletotrichum nymphaeae and Colletotrichum fioriniae was 25℃,the optimum growth pH was 7,and the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were solublestarch and peptone.The all day dark culture were favorable for the mycelial growth of C.nymphaeae,while C.fioriniae preferred alternating 12 h light and dark.The conidiation and conidium germination rate of C.fioriniae were higher than that of C. nymphaeae. Difenoconazole, propiconazole, tebuconazole, prochloraz and trifloxystrobin had better inhibition effect against the two pathogens than other fungicides with the EC50 values less than 1.0 μg/mL, among which prochloraz had the strongest inhibitory activity, the EC50 were 0.37 μg/mL and 0.055 μg/mL respectively. The results provided a theoretical basis for the effective prevention and control of R. chinensis anthracnose.

关 键 词：睡莲碳疽菌 松针炭疽菌 五倍子树炭疽病 生物学特性 药剂敏感性 

分 类 号：S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学]