贵州省皂荚害虫种类调查及主要害虫发生动态  

Investigation on pest species in Gleditsia sinensis and occurrence dynamics of major pests in Guizhou province

作　　者：赵榆 李和萍 杨双辉 杨家灏 彭启艳 武承旭 ZHAO Yu;LI Heping;YANG Shuanghui;YANG Jiahao;PENG Qiyan;WU Chengxu(Agriculture,Forestry and Water Affairs Bureau of Xinpu New Area,Zunyi 563000,China;College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义市新蒲新区农林水务局,贵州遵义563000 [2]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国森林病虫》2025年第1期48-54,共7页Forest Pest and Disease

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“喀斯特山区皂角豆象和朝鲜豆象信息化学物质鉴定及相互作用研究”(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般120);贵州省林业局基础科研项目“皂角主要病虫害绿色防控技术研究与示范”(黔林科合(2021)06)。

摘　　要：利用林间普查、固定样地调查和古树名木采样调查的方法,2021—2023年调查贵州省内皂荚Gleditsia sinensis害虫种类和危害情况,分析主要害虫的群落多样性和发生动态。结果表明:共采集鉴定730头昆虫,隶属于7目39科84种。其中,害虫5目25科55种,主要为半翅目Hemiptera和鞘翅目Coleoptera,个体数量占比96.09%;还发现天敌昆虫21种。贵州省皂荚主要害虫为危害枝梢的皂角蚜虫Aphis sp.和皂角幽木虱Euphalerus robinae,以及危害荚果的皂角豆象Megabruchidius dorsalis和朝鲜豆象Bruchidius coreanus。在6月夏季,皂荚种植园呈现出较低的昆虫物种多样性但有显著的优势种,夏末秋初(8月和9月)物种多样性达到年度峰值,且群落结构更为均匀。皂荚古树名木中,荚果平均受害率73.10%,平均有虫荚数21.93个。研究结果可为皂荚害虫的综合防控提供基础数据。The pest species in Gleditsia sinensis and damage in Guizhou province were surveyed through forest survey,fixed sample survey and sampling of G.sinensis trees of historic significance from 2021 to 2023,as well as the community diversity and occurrence dynamics of major pests were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 730 individuals of insects were collected and identified,belonging to seven orders,39 families and 84 species.Among them,there were 55 species of pests in five orders,25 families,mainly in Hemiptera and Coleoptera,accounting for 96.09%of the total individuals.Meanwhile,21 species of natural enemies were also found.The dominant pests of G.sinensis in Guizhou were Aphis sp.and Euphalerus robinae which piercing and sucking the branches,as well as Megabruchidius dorsalis and Bruchidius coreanus which boring the pods.In June,the insect community in G.sinensis plantation showed lower diversity but had significant dominant species,while in late summer and early autumn(August and September),species diversity reached its annual peak and the community structure became more uniform.The average damaged rate of pods from ancient and famous trees of G. sinensis was 73.10%, and the average number of pods with pests was 21.93. The research results could provide basic data for the comprehensive prevention and control of G. sinensis pests.

关 键 词：皂荚 害虫 种类调查 发生动态 贵州 

分 类 号：S763.3[农业科学—森林保护学]