云南核桃园土壤养分状况分析与评价  

Analysis and Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status in Walnut Orchard of Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨璇玺[1] 宁德鲁 王高升 吴涛 潘莉 肖良俊 刘娇 马婷 YANG Xuanxi;NING Delu;WANG Gaosheng;WU Tao;PAN Li;XIAO Liangjun;LIU Jiao;MA Ting(Yunnan Institute of Forest Inventory and Planning,Kunming Yunnan 650051,P.R.China;Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland/Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Woody Oil,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业调查规划院,云南昆明650051 [2]云南省林业和草原科学院/云南省木本油料技术创新中心,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2025年第1期13-21,共9页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202402AE090031);云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AK340006)。

摘　　要：研究云南主产区核桃园土壤养分丰缺状况,为核桃园土壤养分管理和施肥决策提供依据。在云南核桃主产区的8个州市选择57个典型的核桃园,采集土壤样品进行pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾测定,并对养分状况进行分析评价。结果显示:云南省核桃主产区有91.2%的土壤分布在酸(pH 4.5~5.5)和微酸(pH5.5~6.5)区间,91.24%有机质含量在适宜及以上级别;样本中有91.23%土壤全氮含量在适宜以上级别,有12.28%的样本全磷含量缺乏、5.26%为极缺乏,有12.28%土壤全钾含量缺乏;土壤中碱解氮有12.28%缺乏、1.75%极缺乏,有效磷含量仅17.55%在适宜及以上水平,速效钾适宜及以上样本占96.49%;不同产区之间土壤营养状况差异较大,大理、丽江有一定量全氮缺乏,除临沧外的7个州市碱解氮缺乏,保山、楚雄、临沧有一定量全磷缺乏,8个州市有效磷均一定程度缺乏,丽江地区全钾较为缺乏,速效钾含量总体丰富;相关性分析结果显示,土壤有机质与全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有效磷,全氮与全磷、碱解氮、有效磷,全磷与碱解氮、有效磷,全钾与速效钾,碱解氮与有效磷之间均呈极显著正相关。研究结果表明:在核桃园管理过程中,需因地制宜,根据不同地区园地土壤情况,重视土壤酸化问题,通过施用生石灰、土壤改良剂等提高pH值,注意及时补充速效氮肥和磷肥,控制钾肥。Study the nutrient abundance and deficiency status of walnut orchard soil in Yunnan’s main production areas,providing a basis for soil nutrient management and fertilization decisions in walnut orchards.57 typical walnut orchards were selected from 8 prefectures and cities in Yunnan’s main walnut producing areas.Soil samples were collected for pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium determination,and nutrient status was analyzed and evaluated.The results indicate that,91.2%of the soil in walnut orchards in Yunnan’s main production areas is distributed in the acidic(pH 4.5-5.5)and slightly acidic(pH 5.5-6.5)range,and 91.24%of the organic matter content is at or above the appropriate level;91.23%of the samples had soil total nitrogen content at or above the appropriate level,12.28%had a deficiency in total phosphorus content,5.26%had an extreme deficiency,and 12.28%had a deficiency in total potassium content;12.28%of the soil is deficient in alkaline nitrogen,1.75%is extremely deficient,and only 17.55%of the available phosphorus content is at or above the appropriate level.96.49%of the samples have suitable or above levels of available potassium;There are significant differences in soil nutrient status among different production areas.Dali and Lijiang have a certain amount of total nitrogen deficiency,while seven other cities except Lincang have alkaline nitrogen deficiency.Baoshan,Chuxiong,and Lincang have a certain amount of total phosphorus deficiency,and eight cities have a certain degree of available phosphorus deficiency.Lijiang area is relatively deficient in total potassium,while available potassium is generally abundant;The correlation analysis results showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available phosphorus,total nitrogen and total phosphorus,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available

关 键 词：云南 核桃主产区 土壤 养分状况 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] S664.1