核桃林下套种小麦对产量质量的影响与经济效益分析  

The Impact of Intercropping Wheat under Walnut in Yunnan Province on Yield,Quality,and Economic Benefits

作　　者：陈勤 习学良 刘帆 黄健 张丽娜 陈靖溢 CHEN Qin;XI Xueliang;LIU Fan;HUANG Jian;ZHANG Lina;CHEN Jingyi(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Dali Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Extension,Dali Yunnan 671005,P.R.China;County Meteorological Bureau of Yunnan Province,Yangbi Yunnan 672500,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]大理州农业科学推广研究院,云南大理671005 [3]云南省漾濞县气象局,云南漾濞672500

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2025年第1期22-28,36,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划“云南省漾濞县核桃产业科技特派团”项目(202204BI090011);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金“漾濞山地泡核桃丰产稳产优质技术示范推广”项目([2022]TG02号)。

摘　　要：为探讨云南省漾濞县核桃林下套种小麦对核桃和小麦产量质量的影响,以苍山西镇光明万亩核桃园为研究对象,通过对比分析,研究小麦不同播种时间对核桃干果和小麦产量及质量的影响。结果显示:(1)核桃林下9月中旬至10月中旬套种小麦,次年核桃平均干果产量1945 kg·hm^(-2),粒重12.85 g、出仁率54.7%,与相同土肥管理但不套种的核桃林差异不显著;(2)郁闭度78%~87%的核桃林下小麦的平均籽粒产量4617.9 kg·hm^(-2),秸秆粉碎糠产量6558.7 kg·hm^(-2),分别达到无林台地常规种植每公顷产量的90.1%和98.7%,小麦籽粒的粗蛋白含量13.6%、湿面筋含量29.9%,与无林台地种植的小麦差异不显著;(3)核桃林下套种小麦的果、粮、草年综合产值达到45296.0元·hm^(-2),净收益为23287.3元·hm^(-2),分别是耕作施肥管理但不套种基地产值的2.04倍和净收益的2.87倍,弃耕弃肥基地综合产值的6.73倍和净收益的9.2倍。研究结果表明:核桃林下适时播种小麦对核桃和小麦的产量质量影响甚微。本研究结果为云南核桃产区提供了一种新的林下-粮食生产模式,有助于增加粮食产能,缓解果粮争地矛盾,从而提振果农管护核桃的信心。To explore the impact of intercropping wheat under walnut trees in Yangbi County,Yunnan Province,on the yield and quality of both walnuts and wheat,and to enhance the comprehensive economic benefits of walnut orchards.By comparative analysis,this study investigates the effects of different sowing times on walnut dry fruit and different canopy densities on the yield and quality of wheat grown under walnut trees.The results show:(1)When wheat is sown between mid-September and mid-October under walnut trees,the average dry fruit yield of walnuts the following year is 1945 kg·hm^(-2),with an average dry fruit weight of 12.85 g and a kernel efficiency of 54.7%,which is not significantly different in yield and quality compared to walnut orchards with the same soil and water management but without intercropping.(2)The average yield of wheat grain under walnut trees is 4617.9 kg·hm^(-2),and the straw meal is 6558.7 kg·hm^(-2),reaching 90.1%and 98.7%of the yield per hectare of conventional planting on forest-free flat land,respectively,indicating a high level of productivity.(3)The initial protein content of wheat grains is 13.6%,and the wet gluten content is 29.9%,which is not significantly different compared to wheat grown on forest-free flat land.(4)The annual comprehensive value of fruits,grains,and straw from intercropping under walnut trees reaches 45296.0 yuan·hm^(-2),with a net income of 23287.3 yuan·hm^(-2),which is 2.04 times and 2.87 times the base value and net income of the base with fertilization and management but without intercropping,and 6.73 times and 9.2 times the comprehensive value and net income of the abandoned land,respectively.In summary,sowing wheat at the right time under walnut trees can not only achieve coordinated development of fruits and grains but also has a minimal impact on the yield and quality of both walnuts and wheat.The research results provide a new grain production model for walnut-producing areas,helping to increase grain production capacity,alleviate the contradiction betwe

关 键 词：核桃林 小麦套种 产量与质量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学]