多因素耦合下社区户外环境对老年人体力活动影响机制研究——基于哈尔滨主城区的实证分析  

Research on the Influence Mechanism of Community Outdoor Environments on Physical Activity in the Elderly under Multifactor Coupling:An Empirical Analysis Based on Main Urban Area of Harbin

作　　者：陈云凤 李玲玲[2] CHEN Yunfeng;LI Lingling

机构地区：[1]燕山大学建筑工程与力学学院 [2]哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院,寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室

出　　处：《南方建筑》2025年第2期75-85,共11页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51678176):基于全民健身需求的大众体育健身空间设计研究;河北省社会科学基金资助项目(HB24YS002):存量背景下河北省城市公共空间更新机制及其多层次影响要素设计研究;河北省文化艺术科学规划项目(HB24-QN007):“艺术-人-空间”多要素赋能城市公共环境更新设计策略研究。

摘　　要：社区户外空间是承载老年人日常健身、休闲、娱乐等体力活动的重要平台,对提升老年人健康具有重要意义。研究聚焦于探究空间要素和其他要素多因素耦合下对老年居民日常户外体力活动总量的影响路径与影响效应,选取哈尔滨市主城区为研究区域,通过定性分析与定量检验相结合的方式,提取影响要素并构建户外环境对体力活动影响机制的理论模型,进而基于结构方程模型,对空间要素耦合社会支持性要素对体力活动水平总量的影响机制进行实证分析。实证结果显示,由活动场地、日常健身器材等子集构成的场地器材类设施,和由散步道路、休闲棋牌设施等子集构成的休闲休憩类设施等方面发挥了直接影响作用;空间要素对体力活动水平的间接影响是通过情感慰藉支撑,有形工具支撑,信息联结支撑,自我评估支撑发挥了作用。根据空间要素对老年人体力活动总量发挥的影响路径和影响效应,空间要素划分为三类:强承载-高关联性要素、易触发性活跃要素、单一稳固性要素,进而提出规划设计建议,以期推动建成环境对行为促进研究及健康支持性环境建设。As a vital platform for daily physical activities,leisure,and entertainment of the elderly,the outdoor community environment plays a crucial role in improving and maintaining their health.However,the current planning and design of community outdoor spaces often focus excessively on upgrading hardware facilities,leading to a lack of targeted facility provisions and insufficient exploration of the associated health benefits.This approach overlooks the individual diversity in needs and the positive impact of soft elements.Rooted in a socioecological framework of multiple factors influencing physical activity,this study investigates how outdoor space elements and other factors(e.g.,demographic attributes of the elderly population and soft factors)interact to affect the physical activity levels of older adults.It includes the extraction of influential elements and the construction of a theoretical model.During the qualitative analysis phase,a grounded theory is employed to examine how the community outdoor environment influences the physical activity of the elderly.The hard and soft elements are preliminarily classified,based on which a questionnaire is created and sent in for large-scale data collection.The validity and reliability of the collected data are tested,and the exploratory factors are extracted through factor-loading matrices and principal component analysis,which further optimizes the classification of influential elements.Finally,10 components are identified:F1:Facility equipment;F2:Leisure and resting facilities;F3:Safety and accessibility factors;F4:Natural and cultural elements;F5:Engaging participatory elements;F6:Emotional support;F7:Tangible instrumental support;F8:Informational connectivity support;F9:Self-assessment support;and F10:Total outdoor physical activity level of the elderly.Among them,F1,F2,F3,F4,and F5 correspond to five latent variables of spatial elements(independent variables),while F6,F7,F8,and F9 represent four latent variables of social support elements(mediating variables);F10 i

关 键 词：社区户外环境 老年人体力活动 影响机制 空间要素 实证分析 

分 类 号：TU-02[建筑科学—建筑理论]