释时解景探八景中的时景营建规律——以江汉平原为例  

Interpretation of Time and Scenery to Explore the Law of SHIJING Construction in Eight Scenic Spots:A Case Study Based on Jianghan Plain

作　　者：万敏[1] 陈期钰 方辰欣 谭超逸 WAN Min;CHEN Qiyu;FANG Chenxin;TAN Chaoyi

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]华南理工大学设计学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2025年第2期86-94,共9页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178038):基于湖河网络八景的区域风景特色及保护传承研究。

摘　　要：以古文字学为立足,结合汉语典籍对“时”与“景”进行考释,提出因“时”而来的“时空一体”是时景的思想本源,而“景”义本初即为时景的观点。其后以中国传统风景营造实践的典例之一——江汉平原八景为例,从其272个景目中析出158个时景景目,归结出时景具有的主控八景数量巨变、同质补拙、吉时祥瑞、时空一体5大特征;尔后通过对时景字词频、类别、感官、思想观念等的数据比较提出相应的择景偏好。揭示了八景中的时景营造规律有重要的意义。SHIJING is a contraction of terms meaning"temporal landscape".At present,most research focuses on the integration of time and space in specific garden landscapes.Further,canonical books and gardening practices after the Qin and Han Dynasties are the major research objects.However,the origin and development of SHIJING in traditional landscapes have not been explored systematically.To further understand the concepts of time and landscape,and elaborate on the evolution of SHIJING,as well as its effects on Chinese landscape practice,the traditional SHIJING in China since the Xia Dynasty was studied thoroughly herein.First,the origin of the idea of SHIJING was explored through the philological analysis of the words"time"and"scenery".The oracle bone of"time"is related to the operation of the sun,and the meaning of"Guibiao"was introduced during the Warring States period.On the one hand,the measurement of Guibiao formed the basis of the time structure system.On the other hand,the Tai Ji Diagram formed by tracks of Guibiao also verified the idea of"time and space as one".This idea became the philosophical foundation of SHIJING's landscape selection and creation,influencing the landscape culture under the context of an agricultural civilization.Through the analysis of the"Han Dynasty Doctrine"and"Jingjing Doctrine",the initial meaning of the word"Jing"or its early associated derivations are mostly obtained from shadow measurement,positioning or observing,and teaching time;it can be considered that Jing is derived from"time".Second,a collection of eight scenic spots of Jianghan Plain was chosen as the research object.SHIJING in these eight scenic spots of the traditional city was screened and analyzed.A total of 158 SHIJING in 272 scenic items were identified,and five regular characteristics of SHIJING were summarized:1)main control over the eight scenic spots.Among eight scenic spots,SHIJING accounts for the highest quantity and weight,and it dominates the construction of the traditional urban landscape.2)Great changes hav

关 键 词：风景园林 时景 八景 传统风景 风景园林历史与理论 

分 类 号：TU-09[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU-098.4TU-02