机车盘式制动装置热力耦合研究  

Research on Thermodynamic Coupling of Locomotive Disc Brake Device

作　　者：张傲 ZHANG Ao(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2025年第1期30-36,共7页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

摘　　要：充分考虑机车盘式制动装置在制动过程中受到温度场与应力场的多物理场耦合作用,模拟实际运行环境,对机车盘式制动装置建模仿真。首先,利用SolidWorks三维建模软件根据实际尺寸对机车盘式制动装置进行建模,主要建模零部件为:车轴、车轮、制动盘、闸片等;其次,利用ANSYS仿真软件设定材料属性,划分网格,使模型求解域离散化,便于进一步分析;最后,通过Workbench模块对模型进行仿真,对制动装置瞬态温度场与瞬态应力场进行分析,确定制动装置的薄弱环节及其升温最高部位和应力最大部位。结果表明:机车制动盘最先受到温度场影响,随着时间推移,制动盘快速升温,首先是靠近车轴附近,逐渐扩散到整个制动盘。其中温度最高部分为制动盘。在运行速度160 km/h的工况下,制动时间为30 s时的最高温度为298.07℃。靠近车轴的制动盘附近受到应力最大,随着时间推移,闸片附近开始受到压力,在制动盘上呈逆时针蔓延,从螺栓孔到四周,最大应力为804.86 MPa。In order to fully consider the multi-physical field coupling effect of temperature field and stress field in the braking process of locomotive disc brake device,the actual operating environment was simulated,and the locomotive disc brake device was modeled and simulated.Firstly,the SolidWorks 3D modeling software was used to model the locomotive disc brake device according to the actual size of the site.The main modeling parts were axle,wheel,brake disc,brake pad,etc.Secondly,the material properties were given by ANSYS simulation software,and then the model was divided into grids to discretize the model solution domain for further analysis.Finally,the model was simulated by the Workbench module.Given the initial conditions of the model,when the locomotive disc brake device started to brake,as time went by,the thermal coupling effect of the brake disc formed a cloud map,which was convenient for intuitive analysis.The transient temperature field and transient stress field of the brake device were analyzed to find the weak link of the brake device,the highest temperature rise part and the maximum stress part.The results show that the locomotive brake disc is first affected by the temperature field,and as time goes by,the brake disc heats up quickly.First,it starts to heat up near the axle and gradually spreads to the entire brake disc.The highest temperature part is the brake disc.Under the working condition of 160 km/h,the highest temperature is 298.07 ℃ when the braking time is 40 s.The stress near the brake disc near the axle is the largest,and the circumferential pressure applied by the initial condition is obvious.With the passage of time,the pressure near the brake pad begins to spread counterclockwise on the brake disc,from the vicinity of the bolt hole to the surrounding,the maximum stress is 804.86 MPa.

关 键 词：电力机车 制动盘 应力场 温度场 仿真 

分 类 号：U264[机械工程—车辆工程]