基于SWAT模型的洱海流域面源污染最佳管理措施研究  

Simulation of the best management practices for agricultural non-point source pollution in the Erhai Lake Basin based on SWAT model

作　　者：汪栩志 张克强 沈修卿 申锋 郭毅侠 沈仕洲 WANG Xuzhi;ZHANG Keqiang;SHEN Xiuqing;SHEN Feng;GUO Yixia;SHEN Shizhou(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Dali,Yunnan,Agro-Eco-system,National Observation and Research Station,Dali 671004,China;College of Resources&Environment of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Fengqing Branch of Lincang Company,Yunnan Tobacco Corporation,Lincang 675900,China;Plantation Development Center,Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development of Dali City,Dali 671004,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]云南大理农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,大理671004 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [4]云南省烟草公司临沧市公司凤庆分公司,临沧675900 [5]大理市农业农村局种植业发展中心,大理671004

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第2期240-251,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700400);农业农村部农业绿色技术长期固定观测实验站指导、监管与数据集成项目(06230020);云南省专家工作站项目(202105AF150075);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2023PT12);云南省基础研究计划项目(202301AT070245)资助。

摘　　要：农田最佳管理措施是当前控制流域面源污染的主要手段。为控制洱海流域氮磷面源污染,探究洱海流域最佳农田管理措施,采用率定和验证后的SWAT(Soiland Water Assessment Tool)模型,模拟了化肥氮磷减施、改变耕作模式、建立植被缓冲带、建立植草河道及综合措施等16个情景下洱海流域氮磷流失削减效果。结果表明:1)率定和验证后的SWAT模型,决定系数(R^(2))最小为0.67,纳什模型效率系数(E_(ns))最小为0.56,符合SWAT模型的模拟精度要求(R^(2)≥0.60,E_(ns)≥0.50),模型适于洱海流域最佳管理措施模拟研究。2)化肥氮磷减施10%、20%和50%时,氮流失削减率为9.1%~14.6%,磷流失削减率为1.7%~5.4%。免耕、浅耕和深耕等耕作模式中,深耕对流域氮磷流失的控制效果最好,氮磷流失削减率分别为13.8%和14.1%。不同宽度植被缓冲带措施下的氮磷流失削减率分别为9.3%~24.8%和10.4%~27.2%。不同长度植草河道措施下的氮磷流失削减率分别为21.3%~39.6%和24.9%~45.2%。3)与单项措施相比,综合措施的氮磷流失削减效果更好,化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕、化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕+5 m宽植被缓冲带、化肥氮磷减施20%+深耕+20 m长植草河道3个措施下,氮流失削减率分别为27.4%、43.7%和41.6%,磷流失削减率分别为19.2%、39.7%和61.1%。综合措施可显著减少流域氮磷面源污染负荷,对于改善流域水环境和提升流域综合环境质量起到重要作用。本研究量化了不同农田管理措施对洱海流域面源污染的影响,筛选了最佳综合管理措施,为洱海流域氮磷面源污染防治提供了理论依据。Currently,the best management practices for farmland are the primary means of controlling non-point source pollution in the Erhai Lake Basin.In this study,we aimed to assess the effectiveness of various management strategies in mitigating non-point source pollution in the basin and identify the best management practices for farmland.Using a rate-determined and validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model,we simulated the effects of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses under 16 different scenarios,including reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,adjustment of tillage pattern,establishment of vegetated buffer zone,establishement of grass planted stream,and implementing comprehensive measures.The calibrated SWAT model demonstrated satisfactory performance,with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of at least 0.67(exceeding the threshold of 0.60)and a Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient(E_(ns))of at least 0.56(surpassing the required E_(ns) of 0.50),confirming its suitability for simulating best management practices in the Erhai Lake Basin.Our analysis revealed that reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by 10%,20%,and 50% could lead to nitrogen-loss reductions of 9.1%,13.9% and 14.6%,respectively,and phosphorus-loss reductions of 1.7%,2.5% and 5.4%,respectively.Among the various tillage practices examined,deep tillage was the most effective measure in controlling nitrogen and phosphorus losses,with reductions of 13.8% and 14.1%,respectively.The establishment of vegetated buffer zones resulted in nitrogen-loss reductions ranging from 9.3% to 24.8% and phosphorus-loss reductions ranging from 10.4% to 27.2% as the width of the vegetated buffer zone increased from 1 to 10 m.The implementation of 1-10 m long grass planted stream led to nitrogen-loss reductions of 21.3%-39.6%and phosphorus-loss reductions of 24.9%-45.2%.Compared with individual measures,comprehensive measures demonstrated substantially higher efficiency in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus losses.For example,the combin

关 键 词：洱海流域 SWAT模型 最佳管理措施 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]