降雨强度及有机无机肥配施对太湖地区典型菜地氮磷动态流失过程的影响  

Effects of rainfall intensity and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the dynamic process of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in typical vegetable plots in the Taihu Lake region

作　　者：程明琨 闵炬[2] 张艳颖 王雨荷 郝雅琼 施卫明 CHENG Mingkun;MIN Ju;ZHANG Yanying;WANG Yuhe;HAO Yaqiong;SHI Weiming(International Research Center for Membrane Biology and Environment,Foshan University,Foshan 528000,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院国际膜生物学与环境研究中心,佛山528000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第2期265-277,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700801)资助。

摘　　要：以往研究多关注菜地氮磷径流流失系数、流失量的研究,对菜地氮磷径流流失动态过程研究尚缺乏。为此,本文选择在降雨频繁、径流发生量高的太湖地区,开展降雨强度及有机无机肥配施对菜地氮磷流失过程影响的研究,以此为太湖地区菜地氮磷面源污染防控提供科学依据。本试验采用田间模拟降雨的方法,设置55和110 mm·h^(-1)两个降雨强度,不施氮(-N)、不施磷(-P)、施纯化肥(N+P)、有机无机肥配施(1/4MN+1/3MP)和施纯有机肥(MN+MP)5个处理,观测不同降雨强度及施肥处理下径流氮磷各组分浓度随时间的变化特征和对氮磷径流流失量的影响。结果表明:与N+P处理相比,在55和110 mm·h^(-1)降雨强度下,1/4MN+1/3MP处理可使径流初损历时分别延后7.0和5.3 min。在产流0~25 min,各处理径流总氮浓度在5.5~25.1 mg·L^(-1)间波动;产流25~60 min,各处理径流总氮浓度在5.3~14.0 mg·L^(-1)间波动。在55和110 mm·h^(-1)降雨强度下,N+P和MN+MP处理的总氮流失量分别最高,与其相比,1/4MN+1/3MP能减少21.9%~44.7%的总氮流失。产流0~35 min,各处理径流总磷浓度在0.31~3.20 mg·L^(-1)间波动;产流35~60 min,各处理总磷浓度在0.35~1.60 mg·L^(-1)间波动。在55和110 mm·h^(-1)降雨强度下,MN+MP处理总磷流失量最高,与MN+MP处理相比,1/4MN+1/3MP可减少65.4%~69.0%的总磷流失。综上,1/4MN+1/3MP处理可延长初损历时;在产流0~25和0~35 min分别是控制径流氮和磷流失的关键时期,有机无机肥配施可有效减少氮磷流失。Although previous studies have focused on the coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss and the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from vegetable fields,there is a lack of research examining the dynamic process characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss from vegetable fields.In this study,we investigated the effects of rainfall intensity and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the process of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from vegetabel fields in the Taihu Lake region.This study was conducted to provide scientific evidence for preventing and controlling nitrogen and phosphorus surface pollution in vegetable fields in the Taihu Lake region,where rainfall is frequent,and the amount of runoff is high.For this purpose,we established two intensities of field-simulated rainfall(55 and 110 mm·h^(-1))and set the following five fertilizer treatments:no nitrogen(-N),no phosphorus(-P),application of pure chemical fertilizer(N+P),combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(1/4MN+1/3MP),and application of pure organic fertilizer(MN+MP).The dynamic changes in the concentrations of each form of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff over time and the total nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss under different rainfall intensities and fertilizer application treatments were monitored.The results revealed that compared with N+P treatment,the 1/4MN+1/3MP treatment reduced the initial runoff production time by 7.0 min and 5.3 min at 55 mm·h^(-1) and 110 mm·h^(-1) rainfall intensities.During the initial 25 min of runoff,the total nitrogen concentration of runoff among treatments fluctuated between 5.5 and 25.1 mg·L^(-1),whereas,during the 25-60 min of runoff,the total nitrogen concentration of different treatments fluctuated between 5.3 and 14.0 mg·L^(-1).The highest total nitrogen concentration in runoff was detected in N+P and MN+MP treatments at rainfall intensities of 55 and 110 mm·h^(-1),respectively;and 1/4MN+1/3MP treatment reduced the total nitrogen runoff

关 键 词：蔬菜地 模拟降雨 降雨强度 有机无机配施 氮磷流失 地表径流 面源污染 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X592[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S365[农业科学—农艺学]