设施番茄土壤氮素淋失控制技术措施比较  

Comparison of various technical measures for controlling nitrogen leaching from tomato-grown soil in greenhouse facilities

作　　者：薄录吉[1] 李彦[1] 王艳芹[1] 仲子文[1] 井永苹[1] BO Luji;LI Yan;WANG Yanqin;ZHONG Ziwen;JING Yongping(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第2期278-285,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程(2021CXGC010801);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800400);山东省现代农业产业技术体系(SDAIT-30-01);泰山学者工程专项资助。

摘　　要：为有效降低设施番茄生产过程中不合理施氮和灌溉带来的土壤氮素淋失,本研究应用可阻控土壤氮素淋失的物理阻隔材料、肥料增效剂、酶制剂和微生物菌剂等产品,通过设置常规施肥(FP)、优化施肥(OPT)、物理化学调控(PCT)、生物生态调控(BET)、水肥调控(WRT)和综合调控(CRT)等措施对比研究菜田最佳土壤氮素淋失控制技术,以期为设施菜田土壤氮素淋失阻控提供参考。结果表明:OPT与FP处理番茄产量持平,PCT、BET、WRT和CRT处理番茄产量比FP处理分别高4.70%、2.05%、7.93%和9.28%;WRT处理番茄纯收益最高,PCT处理最低。与FP处理相比,OPT、PCT、BET、WRT和CRT处理总氮淋失量分别降低25.6%、35.6%、34.5%、40.5%和40.9%,硝态氮分别降低31.5%、32.7%、38.4%、43.9%和49.2%,有机氮分别降低21.2%、37.7%、31.5%、38.0%和34.7%,其中以CRT处理表现最优;所有处理有机氮和硝态氮淋失量分别占总氮淋失量的55.2%~62.9%和36.7%~44.6%,铵态氮占比不足0.5%。FP处理0~100 cm土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量均高于OPT处理,20~100 cm土壤硝态氮表现为WRT处理>CRT处理>BET处理>PCT处理>OPT处理。在本研究中,综合经济和环境效益,水肥调控措施可作为设施番茄土壤氮素淋失控制最佳技术进行推广应用。Tomato is the vegetable with the largest planting area in China.The soils in which the tomato is grown experience heavy nitrogen leaching owing to the application of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation,which aggravate nitrate pollution of the groundwater.To effectively reduce soil nitrogen leaching caused by excessive nitrogen application and irrigation in tomato production facilities,we compared various control methods in this study by integrating physical barrier materials,fertilizer synergists,enzyme preparations,microbial preparations,and other products with fertilizer application technologies developed by the National Key Research and Development Project of China“Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Load Reduction Technology and Product Development in Agricultural Facilities”.The best control technology was then developed to provide a reference for controlling soil nitrogen leaching in vegetable fields.In this study,six treatments,which were conventional fertilization(FP),optimal fertilization(OPT),physicochemical regulation(PCT),bioecological regulation(BET),water and fertilizer regulation(WRT)and comprehensive regulation(CRT),were set up to control soil ntrogen leaching.The FP treatment used 18 t·hm^(-2) of chiken manure with 50% organic matter content,and the application rates of chemical fertilizers N,P_(2)O_(5) and K_(2)O were 225 kg·hm^(-2),150 kg·hm^(-2) and 450 kg·hm^(-2).The total irrigation amount was 2700 m^(3)·hm^(-2).Under OPT treatment,same amount of commercial organic fertilizer with 60% organic matter content was used,and application amount of chemical fertilizer were ajusted.Compared to OPT treatment,physical barrier blocks and nitrification inhibitors(dicyandiamide)were used under PCT treatment,enzyme preparations and microbial preparations were added under BET treatment,fertilizer synergists(DY-ET100)was added under WRT treatment,and all the addtitions above were added under CRT treatment.Tomato yield,soil nitrogen leaching and nitrogen form in the leachat as well as

关 键 词：设施菜田 氮淋失 有机氮 硝态氮 控制技术 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学] S15[农业科学—农业基础科学]