洱海流域不同类型有机肥替代化肥对稻鸭共生系统氨挥发和温室气体排放的影响  

Effects of replacing chemical fertilizers with different types of organic fertilizers on ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions in a rice-duck symbiotic system in the Erhai Lake Basin

作　　者：白采禾 陈玮 李长飞 鄢孟琴 续勇波[2] BAI Caihe;CHEN Wei;LI Changfei;YAN Mengqin;XU Yongbo(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Tobacco,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学烟草学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》2025年第2期387-400,共14页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160758);云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AE090034);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202005AC160043)资助。

摘　　要：为揭示洱海流域稻鸭共生下有机肥替代化肥稻田氨挥发(NH_(3))和温室气体(N_(2)O、CH_(4)和CO_(2))排放规律及影响因素,本研究通过以等氮量(180 kg·hm^(-2))投入,以‘云梗37’水稻、旱鸭为试验对象进行随机区组田间试验,共设置4个处理:不施肥不养鸭水稻单作、牛粪替代化肥+稻鸭共生、鸡粪替代化肥+稻鸭共生和单施化肥+稻鸭共生。每次施肥后监测稻田氨挥发和温室气体排放,同时测定土壤及田面水pH、Eh、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量。结果表明,稻田氨挥发速率均在施肥后1~4 d内达峰;与单施化肥+稻鸭共生相比,有机肥替代化肥+稻鸭共生能降低稻田氨挥发速率56.41%~87.05%,减少氨挥发累积量95.47%~98.65%和挥发损失率96.00%~99.22%;鸡粪和牛粪替代化肥+稻鸭共生处理间无显著差异。与单施化肥+稻鸭共生相比,有机肥替代化肥+稻鸭共生显著减少稻田56.71%~56.93%N_(2)O排放通量和70.36%~70.52%N_(2)O累积排放量,显著增加了稻田136.56%~182.34%CH_(4)排放通量和61.96%~93.33%CH_(4)累积排放量,减少稻田10.49%~30.54%CO_(2)累积排放量。有机肥替代化肥+稻鸭共生与单施化肥+稻鸭共生的全球增温潜势和温室气体强度差异不显著。影响氨挥发的主要因素是田面水总氮、可溶性总氮、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度,影响温室气体排放的主要因素是土壤温度、pH、Eh、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度和降雨量。稻鸭共生下,有机肥替代化肥能显著减少稻田氨挥发和N_(2)O排放,其中鸡粪替代化肥能够显著提高水稻产量,是减排增效稳产的可持续发展措施。To understand the emission rules and influencing factors of ammonia volatilization(NH3)and greenhouse gases(N_(2)O,CH_(4),and CO_(2))in paddy fields,where organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer under a rice-duck symbiosis system in the Erhai Lake Basin,we conducted a randomized block field experiment.The experiment used the‘Yungeng 37’rice variety and dry ducks as experimental subjects,with an equal nitrogen input of 180 kg·hm^(-2).Four treatments were established:1)rice monocropping with no fertilizer and ducks(CK),2)cattle manure replacing chemical fertilizer in rice-duck symbiosis system(C+D),3)chicken manure replacing chemical fertilizer in rice-duck symbiosis system(P+D),and 4)chemical fertilizer in rice-duck symbiosis system(F+D).Ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields were monitored after each fertilization,and pH,Eh,and contents of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N in the soil and surface water were measured.The results showed that ammonia volatilization rate peaked at 1-4 d post-fertilization.Compared with the F+D treatment,replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizers in the rice-duck symbiosis system significantly reduced the ammonia volatilization rate of the paddy field by 56.41%-87.05%,decreased the accumulation of ammonia volatilization by 95.47%-98.65%,and lowered volatilization loss rate by 96.00%-99.22%.There was no significant difference in cumulative ammonia volatilization between the C+D and P+D treatments.Replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in a rice-duck symbiosis system significantly reduced N_(2)O emission flux by 56.71%-56.93%,cumulative N_(2)O emissions by 70.36%-70.52%,and cumulative CO_(2) emissions by 10.49%-30.54%.However,it significantly increased CH_(4) emission flux by 136.56%-182.34%,and CH_(4) cumulative emission by 61.96%-93.33%.There was no significant difference in the global warming potential(GWP)and greenhouse gas intensity(GHGI)between the rice-duck symbiosis system using organic fertilizer and the F+D tre

关 键 词：稻鸭共生 有机肥替代化肥 氨挥发 温室气体 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]