国际民商事条约“自治解释”与“国家主义解释”的反思与重构--以CISG为中心  

Reflection and Reconstruction of“Autonomous Interpretation”and“Nationalistic Interpretation”in International Civil and Commercial Treaties:A Focus on CISG

作　　者：段媛昳 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院 [2]海德堡大学法学院

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2024年第6期90-110,共21页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“对外关系法时代国际民商事条约的适用”(24SFB2031)的阶段性成果;国家留学基金委国家建设高水平公派研究生项目留金选[2022]87号资助。

摘　　要：国内法院解释国际民商事条约主要有“自治解释”和“国家主义解释”两种方法。在蒂森克虏伯案中,面对两种方法的对立,最高人民法院采取了“自治解释”方法。在新思潮背景下诞生的CISG第7条第1款,也被主流观点认为采纳了“自治解释”方法。然而,“自治解释”方法在理论上存在四个方面的问题,其中之一在实践中更是引发了商事主体完全排除CISG的适用。此外,最近CISG解释实践中出现了法院援引外国法解释CISG的现象,这已然不是“自治解释”所认为的“国家主义解释”就是“法院地法主义”的再现。这表明,“自治解释”方法可能仅能在特定情况下采用,而“国家主义解释”仍存在适用空间,并可能长期存在。因此,需要准确理解两种方法的理论基础,以厘清二者的适用关系,并对条约解释方法进行重构。对此,本文提出适用“自治解释”方法必须满足的两个前提条件,归纳出CISG实践中“国家主义解释”的三种类型,并进一步论证,在“自治解释”适用条件不符合时,可采取“国家主义解释”方法中的特定类型,即“国际私法解释”。Domestic courts primarily employ two methods for interpreting inter-national civil and commercial treaties:“autonomous interpretation”and“nationalistic interpretation”.In the ThyssenKrupp case,faced with the confrontation between the two methods,the Supreme People’s Court opted for the“autonomous interpreta-tion”method.Article 7(1)of the CISG,born against the backdrop of the new ideo-logical trend,is also recognized by mainstream views as an adoption of the“auton-omous interpretation”method.However,the“autonomous interpretation”theoretical-ly has four main issues,one of which has resulted in commercial parties entirely excluding the CISG’s application in practice.Moreover,recent CISG interpretation practices have seen courts referring to foreign laws to interpret the CISG,challeng-ing the assertion that“nationalistic interpretation”is merely a revival of“lex fori doctrine”as criticized by“autonomous interpretation”advocates.This indicates that the“autonomous interpretation”method may only be used under specific circum-stances,while the“nationalistic interpretation”still has room for application and may persist in the long term.Therefore,it is necessary to precisely grasp the theo-retical foundations of both methods to clarify their interplay and to reconstruct trea-ty interpretation methods.In this regard,this paper proposes two prerequisite condi-tions that must be met for the application of the“autonomous interpretation”meth-od,and identified three types of“nationalistic interpretation”in CISG practice.Fur-thermore,it argues that in cases where the conditions for“autonomous interpreta-tion”are unmet,a specific type of“nationalistic interpretation”,namely“private in-ternational law interpretation”can be adopted.

关 键 词：国际民商事条约 条约解释 国家主义解释 自治解释 国际私法解释 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]