永磁同步电主轴全速域无感控制策略研究  

The Reserch on Sensorless Control Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Spindle in Full Speed Domain

作　　者：胡文豪 单文桃 王鑫 张新杰 曹伟长 HU Wenhao;SHAN Wentao;WANG Xin;ZHANG Xinjie;CAO Weichang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China;School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院机械工程学院,常州213001 [2]江苏理工学院电气信息工程学院,常州213001

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2025年第2期142-147,152,共7页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：江苏省高校自科重大项目(19KJA510001);江苏省青蓝工程中年学术带头人项目(KY020004);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX24_1804)。

摘　　要：为提高永磁同步电主轴控制精度,提出了一种在全速域准确获取转子速度与位置信息的复合观测器。首先,在零低速域采用脉振高频电压信号注入法;其次,在中高速域采用具有自适应参数的超螺旋滑模观测器,并使用一种基于反电动势自适应优化的正交锁相环,滤除观测反电势中的高频纹波分量,提高观测器观测精度和参数鲁棒性;然后,在过渡区间内设计了一种基于转子观测电角速度的光滑连续曲线作为切换函数的新型加权切换策略,提高切换过程中的稳定性,进而实现永磁同步电主轴全速域无感控制;最后,对所提方案进行了仿真实验与对比分析。结果显示,系统在全速域内的转速动态误差仅为6.3 r/min,在10 N·m阶跃负载的冲击下仅为7.1 r/min,稳态误差仅为3 r/min。由此表明,所提出的控制策略观测精度高、动态性能好、鲁棒性强。To enhance the control accuracy of the permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle,this paper proposes a composite observer for accurately obtaining rotor speed and position information across the entire speed range.Firstly,the pulsed vibration high-frequency voltage signal injection method is adopted in the zero to low-speed range.Secondly,in the medium to high-speed range,a super-twisting sliding-mode observer with adaptive parameters is utilized,along with an adaptive optimized orthogonal phase-locked loop based on back electromotive force to filter out high-frequency ripple components,thereby enhancing observer precision and parameter robustness.Thirdly,a novel weighted switching strategy based on the observed rotor electrical angular velocity is designed as a smooth continuous curve within the transition interval,enhancing the stability of the switching process,and thereby achieving sensorless control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle spindle in the full speed range.Finally,the proposed scheme is subjected to simulation experiments and comparative analysis.The results demonstrate that the system′s dynamic speed error across the entire speed range is only 6.3 r/min,and under the impact of a 10 N·m step load,it is only 7.1 r/min,with a stable stage error of only 3 r/min.This indicates that the proposed control strategy offers high observation accuracy,excellent dynamic performance,and strong robustness.

关 键 词：永磁同步电主轴 超螺旋滑模观测器 脉振高频电压信号注入 全速度域 无感控制 

分 类 号：TH165[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]