求解U型拆卸线平衡问题的多目标教与学优化  

A Multi-Objective Teaching and Learning Optimization for Solving the U-Shaped Disassembly Line Balance Problem

作　　者：李涛[1,2] 李梓响 郑晨昱 张子凯 张利平 LI Tao;LI Zixiang;ZHENG Chenyu;ZHANG Zikai;ZHANG Liping(Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology,Ministry of Education,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;Precision Manufacturing Institute,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学冶金装备及其控制教育部重点实验室,武汉430081 [2]武汉科技大学机械传动与制造工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430081 [3]武汉科技大学精密制造研究院,武汉430081

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2025年第2期229-235,共7页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62173260,62303358)。

摘　　要：考虑到在拆线问题中存在带有AND和OR优先关系的任务,结合最小化工作站数量、优化拆卸平衡、最小化危险程度和最小化需求度4个目标,建立了在U型布局下数学模型。由于U型的特殊布局,采用了基于操作排序的编码和解码来获得可行的操作方案。同时,对教与学优化算法两阶段进行部分更改,在教师阶段扩大了教学因子的取值范围,在学习阶段也加入了教师来指导学生学习,并加入Q学习来选择适合的教学因子,提出了基于Q学习的多目标教与学优化算法,并用Pareto非劣解和拥挤度距离机制来处理多目标问题的解。为了验证所提出的算法性能,将该算法与另外4种多目标算法进行对比,测试结果表明所提出的算法的性能优于所比较的算法。Considering the existence of tasks with AND/OR precedence relations in the disassembly problem,a mathematical model was established under U-shaped layout with four objectives:minimizing the number of workstations,optimizing disassembly balance,minimizing danger level,and minimizing demand level.Due to the special layout of the U-shape,encoding and decoding based on operation sorting are adopted to obtain feasible operation schemes.At the same time,partial modifications were made to the teaching-learning-based optimization in two stages.In the teacher stage,the range of teaching factor values was expanded,and in the learning stage,teachers were added to guide students in learning.Q-learning was also added to select suitable teaching factors.A multi-objective teaching-learning-based optimization based on Q-learning was proposed,and Pareto non inferior solutions and crowding distance mechanism were used to handle the solutions of multi-objective problems.To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm,it was compared with four other multi-objective algorithms,and the test results showed that the proposed algorithm outperformed the compared algorithms.

关 键 词：U型拆卸线 AND和OR优先关系 教与学优化算法 Q学习 

分 类 号：TH165[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]