“像正常人一样”:艾滋病抗病毒治疗与感染者日常生活的建构  

“Living a Normal Life”:HIV Antiretroviral Therapy and the Construction of Daily Life of Infected People

作　　者：黄泽宇 黄盈盈[2] HUANG Zeyu;HUANG Yingying(Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method,Renmin University of China;School of Social Research,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心 [2]中国人民大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会》2025年第1期57-88,共32页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：北京玉润公益基金会“玉润健康研究基金”(2019YRJK-003)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于对艾滋病病毒感染者的访谈与观察,以“正常”为核心概念,探讨抗病毒治疗如何通过打造“正常”参与到感染者日常生活的建构中,感染者又如何通过自身的生活实践与规范对话。艾滋治理体系将打造符合医学标准的“正常身体”以保障社会安全视为首要目标,将抗病毒治疗作为针对感染者的正常化改造。为此,治理体系借助道德与法律将接受抗病毒治疗塑造为感染者的责任与义务,同时为其擘画了一个“正常未来”,使得接受抗病毒治疗成为感染者自然而然的选择。然而,在接受治疗后,感染者会产生诸多“异常感”和对“正常生活”究竟为何的质疑,但为了维持治疗,他们会根据自己的生活逻辑建构有别于甚至背离规范的“正常生活”。From the perspective of medical anthropology and based on interviews and observations of people living with HIV(PLWH),this article uses“normal”as a core concept to explore how antiretroviral therapy(ART)is involved in the construction of the daily lives of PLWH through the creation of“normalcy”,and how these people cope with a standardized“normal life”through their own life practices.In this process,the HIV governance system considers the creation of a“normal body”that conforms to medical standards as its primary goal to ensure the overall safety of society with ART as a normalizing and transforming means for infected people.To this end,the governance system utilizes ethics and law to frame the acceptance of ART as the responsibility and obligation of PLWH that will lead them to a“normal future”.This has made accepting ART a spontaneous choice for the infected individuals.However,when the“normality”envisioned by people living with HIV clashes with what the governance system seeks to impose,various difficulties arose in their lives.The governance system sees these aberrations as a necessary path to“normalcy”,thus the infected person must endure them in order to“live a normal life”.PLWH must have wondered what“normal life”is for,but in order to continue their treatment,they must construct a version of“normal life”that differs from the norm,or even deviates from it according to the logic of their own life,which is inevitably full of the traces of medicine and technology.

关 键 词：艾滋病 正常 日常生活 抗病毒治疗 

分 类 号：R51[医药卫生—内科学]