“生活”自耕农:杨开道早期理论(1927—1937)中的农民形象  

Living Homesteaders:The Image of Peasants in Cato Young’s Early Theory(1927-1937)

作　　者：陈烨广 CHEN Yeguang(Department of Sociology,School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院社会学系

出　　处：《社会》2025年第1期143-171,共29页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文根据杨开道早期理论(1927—1937)中对于农民问题的讨论试图说明:通过转译巴特菲尔德的理论和探讨“乡村生活运动”这一理论渊源,并基于占华北农村人口中大多数的“有产自耕农”这一原型,杨开道构建出了一种努力维持“生活平衡”且心态深受“日常烦恼”影响的农民形象。在这种类型的农民身上,杨开道看到了承担地方自治和产业现代化的潜力,从而提出了一种将政治改革和经济发展方案建立在该主体之上的设想。本文认为,这一形象具有显著的本土色彩,可以为理解农民提供一种新的视角。另外,本文通过呈现该形象的西学渊源及杨开道的本土化努力,致力于为中国早期社会学寻求理论对话的新基础。Based on the discussion of the peasantry in Cato Young’s early theory(1927-1937),this paper attempts to show that through the translation of his theoretical foundation according to Butterfield and the Rural Life Movement,Cato Young constructed his own theoretical image of the peasant based on the archetype of the“propertied farmer”of rural North China.In his view,these farmers tried their best to maintain a life“balance”in their day-to-day life and work,while the emotional fluctuations caused by the lingering“daily troubles”constantly shaped their practical mentality and therefore planted the seeds of innovation in it.Cato Young saw in this type of peasant the potential for local autonomy and industrial modernization,and thus proposed a vision of political reform and economic development programs based on this subject.This emphasis on the subjectivity of the peasants in fact continued an intellectual undercurrent in modern Chinese intellectual history,which had taken the“people”as the main subject in examining the state system.It also provided a theoretical basis for a dialogue with the modern tradition of peasantry.This paper argues that this image of the peasant in Young’s early theory is noticeably localized and it can provide a new perspective for understanding peasant life and rural practice in contemporary China.In addition,by examining three theoretical“mistranslations”,this paper analyzes the Western origin of this peasant image and Cato Young’s efforts to localize it in the process,thus contributing to the construction of a broader theoretical communication foundation for early Chinese sociological theory.

关 键 词：杨开道 农民形象 华北 自耕农 农民学 

分 类 号：K263[历史地理—历史学] D422[历史地理—中国史] C912.82[政治法律—政治学]