观念因何而变?子女性别与父母对孝道伦理的认同  

For Whom Do Views Change:The Influence of Child Gender on Parents’Recognition of Filial Piety

作　　者：余家庆 胡安宁[1] 薛森 YU Jiaqing;HU Anning;XUE Sen(School of Social Development and Public Policy,Fudan University;Institute for Economic and Social Research,Jinan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院 [2]暨南大学经济与社会研究院

出　　处：《社会》2025年第1期203-233,共31页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(22VRC140);广东省哲学社会科学规划2021年度一般项目(GD21CYJ09);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515010289)的资助。

摘　　要：虽然孝道研究通常侧重于关注从子女到父母的向上关系,但代际之间的联系往往是双向的。父母对孝道伦理的认同变化不仅凸显了对子女的角色期待,也是厘清中国传统孝道总体变迁的重要切入点。本文提出一个与性别角色相关的家庭分析框架,揭示了中国孝道变迁的微观基础与现实脉络,并基于中国家庭动态追踪调查(CFPS)的2014年数据,利用头胎性别的外生特征,识别子女性别对亲代双元孝道认同的因果效应。研究发现,平均而言,生女儿的父母在权威型孝道观念认同上低于生儿子的父母,但对相互型孝道观念的认同相对更高。一方面,女儿婚后的“从夫居”安排改变了家庭的代际同住模式,进而削弱了父母对权威型孝道的伦理认同;另一方面,在父母生病时,成年女儿更可能提供照料支持,这种代际互动满足了父母对亲情的情感期待,促进了父母对相互型孝道的伦理认同。生育率下降与独生女家庭比重的上升推动了家庭子女性别结构的变化,这一变化是解释中国孝道伦理变迁的重要因素之一。While research on filial piety often emphasizes the unidirectional relationship from children to parents,intergenerational ties are inherently bidirectional.Changes in parental recognition of filial piety ethics not only illuminate their role expectations of their children but also serves as an important entry point for understanding the overall changes in traditional Chinese filial piety.This study proposes a family analysis framework that incorporates gender roles to explore the micro-foundation and social context underpinning the transformation of filial piety in China.Drawing on data from the 2014 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),we leverage the exogenous variation in firstborn gender to identify its causal effects on parental binary filial piety recognition.On average,parents of daughters exhibit weaker endorsement of authoritarian filial piety yet show stronger recognition of reciprocal filial piety compared to parents of sons.This pattern arises from two key mechanisms.First,daughters’post-marital patrilocal residence disrupts traditional intergenerational coresidence arrangements,thereby diminishing parental adherence to authoritarian filial piety norms.Second,adult daughters are more likely to provide caregiving support during their parents’illnesses,fulfilling emotional expectations for affection and fostering greater parental recognition of reciprocal filial piety.Additionally,the declining fertility rates over the past four decades have brought about a significant shift in the gender composition of children,with families only having daughters becoming increasingly more common.Given that parents with only daughters exhibit lower recognition of authoritarian filial piety,this helps explain why there has been a decline in societal recognition of traditional filial piety ethics.By analyzing the changes in parental role expectations and ethical recognition,this study not only sheds light on the mechanisms driving the transformation and development of traditional Chinese culture but also offers a deeper

关 键 词：孝道变迁 双元孝道 子女性别 角色期待 生育转型 

分 类 号：C913.11[经济管理] B823.1[社会学]