焦作市铅作业人员职业健康素养调查与干预建议  

Investigation on Occupational Health Literacy of Lead-Exposed Workers in Jiaozuo City and Intervention Suggestions

作　　者：郭鑫[1] 张孟娟 王慧 杨冠宇 李航 GUO Xin;ZHANG Mengjuan;WANG Hui;YANG Guanyu;LI Hang(Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Department,Jiaozuo Disease Prevention and Control Center,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]焦作市疾病预防控制中心职业病预防控制科,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2025年第3期398-402,共5页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的调查焦作市铅作业人员职业健康素养,并据此提出相应干预建议。方法随机整群抽取焦作市6家涉铅企业的409名在岗铅作业人员为调查对象,均对其进行职业健康素养问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析影响铅作业人员职业健康素养的相关因素。结果回收问卷有效率为98.04%(401/409);401名铅作业人员中,具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、职业安全防护技能、职业安全防护知识的人员占比分别为38.65%、28.93%、74.31%、47.88%,具备整体职业健康素养的人员占比为40.65%;职业安全防护技能中穿戴防护用品、正确执行操作与遵守操作规程的回答正确占比较高(88.28%、85.04%),而对急性铅中毒应急处理的回答正确占比较低(11.22%),另职业安全防护知识中职业健康检查知识、职业病危害因素的回答正确占比较高(76.81%、75.31%),而对体内铅毒排除常识的回答正确占比较低(15.21%);不同性别、婚姻状况的铅作业人员间的整体职业健康素养具备情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),年龄为18~34岁的人员中具备整体职业健康素养占比高于年龄≥45岁(P<0.05),大专及以上的人员中具备整体职业健康素养占比高于小学/初中、高中/中专(P<0.05),铅接触工龄5~10 a、>10 a的人员中具备整体职业健康素养占比均高于工龄<5 a(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示受教育程度为小学/初中、铅接触工龄<5 a均是铅作业人员整体职业健康素养的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论焦作市铅作业人员整体职业健康素养可能处于较低水平,且职业健康素养水平受受教育程度、工龄的影响,需制定有效的干预对策与计划以促进铅作业人员职业健康素养提升。Objective To investigate the occupational health literacy of lead-exposed workers in Jiaozuo city,and propose corresponding intervention suggestions accordingly.Methods A total of 409 on-the-job lead-exposed workers from 6 lead related enterprises in Jiaozuo city were randomly selected by cluster sampling as the survey objects,and their occupational health literacy were investigated by questionnaire.The related factors affecting the occupational health literacy of lead-exposed workers was analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression analysis.Results The effective rate of the questionnaire was 98.04%(401/409).Among 401 lead-exposed workers,the proportions of personnel with basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior,occupational safety protection skills and occupational safety protection knowledge were 38.65%,28.93%,74.31%and 47.88%respectively,and the proportion of personnel with overall occupational health literacy was 40.65%.Among the occupational safety protection skills,the proportions of correct answers to wearing protective equipment,correctly performing the operation and observing the operation regulations were relatively high(88.28%,85.04%),while the proportion of correct answers to the emergency treatment of acute lead poisoning was relatively low(11.22%).In addition,the proportions of correct answers to occupational health examination knowledge and occupational hazard factors in occupational safety protection knowledge were relatively high(76.81%,75.31%),while the proportion of correct answers to the common sense of elimination of lead poisoning in the body was relatively low(15.21%).There was no difference in the overall occupational health literacy of lead workers with different gender and marital status(P>0.05),but the proportion of people aged 18-34 with overall occupational health literacy was higher than those aged≥45(P<0.05),and the proportion of college and above personnel with overall occupational health literacy was higher than that of primary school/junior high school and hig

关 键 词：铅作业 职业健康素养 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]