妊娠期糖尿病与微小RNA的研究进展  

Research progress of gestational diabetes mellitus and microRNAs

作　　者：朱珍 董自江[1] 高海燕[1] 李艳[1] 陆薇[1] ZHU Zhen;DONG Zijiang;GAO Haiyan;LI Yan;LU Wei(Department of Obstetrics,The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang,Lianyungang,Jiangsu,222000,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港市第一人民医院产科,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《当代医学》2024年第24期186-189,共4页Contemporary Medicine

摘　　要：妊娠期糖尿病是常见的妊娠期并发症,且随着疾病进展影响孕妇及胎儿,其发病机制主要与胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能障碍相关。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是短链非编码RNA,由约22个核苷酸组成,可调控细胞在转录后的基因表达,影响翻译过程,参与调控人体多种病理生理活动。妊娠期孕妇可在母体血液和胎盘中检测大量与妊娠期糖尿病相关且稳定性强的miRNA,其调控细胞分化、生长、迁移、凋亡等,以及参与糖脂代谢的病理生理过程,调控胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞增殖。通过检测母体血液和胎盘miRNA水平,了解妊娠期糖尿病孕妇过表达或低表达miRNA,从分子层面上探讨妊娠期糖尿病的发病机理,探讨具有高敏感性及特异性的新型生物学标志物,为较早诊断妊娠期糖尿病及开拓新的治疗途径奠定理论基础。Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is one common complication of gestation period and it will cause adverse consequences for mothers and their offspring with the development of the disease,the pathogenesis of GDM is mainly related to insulin resistance and isletβcells dysfunction.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a class of small non-coding RNAs contained about 22 nucleotides regulate gene expression through post-transefiptional level and participate in regulating a variety of human pathophysiological processes.During pregnancy,a large number of miRNAs associated with gestational diabetes can be detected in maternal blood and placenta,it is stable,miRNAs can regulate cell differentiation,growth,migration,apoptosis,and participate in glucose and lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and isletβ-cell proliferation.To investigate the abnormal expression of miRNA in gestational diabetes Mellitus,explore the pathogenesis of GDM at molecular level,and search for new biological markers,to make a theoretical foundation for the early diagnosis and treatment of GDM.

关 键 词：妊娠期糖尿病 微小RNA 胰岛素抵抗 胰岛Β细胞 增殖 

分 类 号：R71[医药卫生—妇产科学]