X射线脉冲星导航议说  

Talk about X-ray pulsar navigation

作　　者：魏子卿 WEI Ziqing(State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum,Xi'an 710054,China;Xi'an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi'an 710054,China;Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]空间基准全国重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054 [3]深圳大学,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《测绘学报》2025年第2期207-212,共6页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42327802)。

摘　　要：X射线脉冲星导航,本文定义为用飞行器测定脉冲到达的时间,推求空间飞行器的三维位置。当利用飞行器的先验轨道知识时,脉冲星导航实际上变成一种轨道改进。观测3或4颗毫秒脉冲星可以同时进行,也可以顺序依次进行。观测仪器可以是掠入射的反射望远镜,亦可是正入射的折射望远镜。后者有较短的焦距,适于导航设备的小型化和轻量化。脉冲星历表是脉冲星导航不可或缺的支撑条件,现在主要由地基射电望远镜网提供,将来可由空间飞行器本身产生。当前脉冲星导航的精度约为5 km,近期有望达到1 km,远期可能达到100 m的目标。脉冲星导航应用于深空,将来有可能扩展至近地空间。X-ray pulsar navigation(XNAV)is defined in this paper as deriving the 3D position of spacecraft by using pulse arrival time observations.When using priori knowledge of spacecraft orbits,the XNAV essentially becomes an orbital improvement.Observing 3 or 4 pulsars can be performed either simultaneously or sequentially in proper order;observation instrument can be either a grazing reflective telescope or a normal refractive one.The latter may have a shorter focal length and would be suitable to miniaturization and lightweight of XNAV equipment.The pulsar ephemeris is an indispensable supporting condition,which is provided today by the ground-based radio telescope network and will be generated in the future by the spacecraft itself.The accuracy of XNAV is about 5 km currently,and be expected to reach 1 km in the near future and can possibly achieve the goal of 100 m level in the long term.The XNAV can be used at present in deep space,and may probably be expanded to near-Earth space in the future.

关 键 词：X射线脉冲星导航 折射式X射线望远镜 飞行器导航 脉冲星历表 

分 类 号：P225.6[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]