我国石榴新品种的选育和保护现状  

Breeding and Protection Status of New Varieties of Pomegranate Plants in China

作　　者：梁静[1] 唐贵敏[2] 舒秀阁 杨蕾 罗华 毕润霞 赵登超[1] LIANG Jing;TANG Guimin;SHU Xiuge;YANG Lei;LUO Hua;BI Runxia;ZHAO Dengchao(Shandong Academy of Forestry Sciences,Jinan 250014,China;Shandong Yingcai College,Jinan 251400,China;Zaozhuang Pomegranate Research Institute,Zaozhuang 277300,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]山东英才学院,山东济南251400 [3]枣庄市石榴研究院,山东枣庄277300

出　　处：《中国果菜》2025年第2期84-92,共9页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2024LZGC028);山东省自然资源厅科技创新平台开放课题(2024ZRZYPT005);山东省农业良种工程(2021LZGC007);林业行业标准(2021134063)。

摘　　要：本文对近20年来我国石榴的选育机构、育种方法、育种目标等进行了分类总结,统计并整理了我国石榴新品种权申请和授权现状的相关数据。据统计,自2004年石榴纳入《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护名录(林业部分)》以来,共检索到57个新育成石榴品种,科研院所为主要选育主体,育种方法主要为传统育种,以实生选种为主,其次为芽变选种和杂交育种,果实经济性状以红皮、风味甜、特大果、中大籽粒为主,可溶性固形物含量在14%以上,2018年之前以选育硬籽为主,2018年之后以软籽为主。截至2023年,我国石榴新品种申请61件,授权39件,国内申请和授权省(市)中,申请量最多的是河南省,授权量最多的是山东省,申请量和授权量最多的机构是中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所。本文通过对我国石榴属新品种选育和保护现状的分析,提出了石榴属新品种选育和保护工作中存在的问题和相关建议,以期为石榴的选育和保护工作提供借鉴和参考。This article categorized and summarized the selection institutions,breeding methods,and breeding objectives of pomegranate in China in the past 20 years,and collected and organized the data related to the application and authorization of new pomegranate varieties in China.According to statistics,since pomegranate was included in the List of New Plant Varieties Protection of the People’s Republic of China(Forestry Part)in 2004,57 newly bred pomegranate varieties have been searched for in relevant literature.Research institutes were the main breeding bodies,and the breeding methods were traditional breeding,which mainly focuses on seedling selection,followed by bud mutation selection breeding and cross breeding.The economic characteristics of the fruit are mainly red peel,sweet flavor,big fruit,and medium to big seed,with soluble solids exceeding 14%.Before 2018,hard seed pomegranate were the main breeding methods,and after 2018,soft seed pomegranates were the main breeding methods.As of 2023,there were 61 applications and 39 authorizations for new pomegranate varieties in China.Among the domestic provinces(cities)involved in applications and authorizations,the highest number of applications was in Henan province and the highest number of authorizations was in Shandong province.The institution with the highest number of applications and authorizations was the Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.This article analyzed the current situation of breeding and protection of new varieties of pomegranate in China,and proposed the problems and relevant suggestions,in order to provide reference and guidance for the next step of breeding and protection work.

关 键 词：石榴 育种 新品种保护 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]