3种改性剂对大白藤的增强改性研究  

Research on the enhanced modification of Calamus faberii by three modified reagents

作　　者：汪佑宏[1] 李子严 杨明亮 季毕超 余林鹏 江泽慧 田根林 WANG Youhong;LI Ziyan;YANG Mingliang;JI Bichao;YU Linpeng;JIANG Zehui;TIAN Genlin(School of Materials and Chemistry,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036;Hefei Niniu Trading Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230051;International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学材料与化学学院,合肥230036 [2]合肥拟牛贸易有限公司,合肥230051 [3]国际竹藤中心,北京100102

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第6期961-966,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2200901);安徽农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划共同资助。

摘　　要：为了提高棕榈藤材的物理力学性质,选择大白藤为研究对象,分别选用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、锡铋镉铅合金(SBCPA)和糠醇(FA)作为改性剂,采取改性试剂种类、浸渍量、处理温度和处理时间四因素三水平进行正交试验。通过预试验发现,试件浸渍MMA、FA和SBCPA的最大浸渍量分别可达到35%、70%和200%左右。研究结果表明:3种改性处理的大白藤材主要物理力学性能均有不同程度改善,其中抗弯弹性模量(MOE)、抗弯强度(MOR)、顺纹抗压强度(USCPG)、顺纹抗剪强度(SSPG)和基本密度(BD)分别增加了8.3%~64.2%、28.0%~107.6%、30.5%~94.4%、3.8%~32.1%和32.1%~220.7%,体积全干干缩率(VSOD)下降了19.6%~75.4%。综合多因素确定最佳工艺为:改性试剂为锡铋镉铅合金,浸渍量为195%,处理温度是105℃,处理时间是2h。按此工艺进行验证实验得出改性材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗剪强度、基本密度分别为4350 MPa、181.2 MPa、77.8 MPa、12.3 MPa和1.612 g·cm^(-3),较素材依次增加了46.9%、102.9%、60.2%、12.2%和221.1%;体积全干干缩率为7.3%,较素材下降了27.0%。此外,改性材的电导率(EC)、极限氧指数(LOI)也分别由0 S·m^(-1)和27.7%增大至0.904 S·m^(-1)和29.9%。经锡铋镉铅合金改性处理后,大白藤的基本密度、主要力学强度均显著提升,干缩性明显降低,导电性和阻燃性也有不同程度的改善。In order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of rattan,Calamus faberii was taken as the research object,MMA(methyl methacrylate),SBCPA(Si-Bi-Cd-Pb alloy)and FA(furfuryl alcohol)were se-lected as modified reagents.An orthogonal experiment was arranged at three levels,including four factors,namely,modifier,impregnation amount,treatment temperature and treatment time.According to the pre-experiment,the maximum impregnation amount of the specimen impregnated with MMA,FA and SBCPA were about 35%,70%and 200%,respectively.The results showed that the main physical and mechanical properties of the three modi-fied C.faberii were modified to different degrees,MOE(modulus of elasticity),MOR(bending strength),USCPG(compressive strength parallel to grain),SSPG(shearing strength parallel to grain)and BD(basic density)increased by 8.3%-64.2%,28.0%-107.6%,30.5%-94.4%,3.8%-32.1%and 32.1%-220.7%,respectively,while VSOD(volume over-dried shrinkage ratio)dropped by 19.6%-75.4%.A combination of factors determining the best process were as follows:the modified reagent was SBCPA,the impregnation amount was 195%,the treat-ment temperature was 105℃,and the treatment time was 2 h.According to the verification experiment obtained the modified material,MOE,MOR,USCPG,SSPG and BD were 4350 MPa,181.2 MPa,77.8 MPa,12.3 MPa and 1.612 g·cm^(-3),and increased by 46.9%,102.9%,60.2%,12.2%and 221.1%,correspondingly;VSOD was 7.3%,down 27.0%from the material.EC(electrical conductivity)and LOI(limit oxygen index)also increased from 0 S·m^(-1)and 27.7%to 0.904 S·m^(-1)and 29.9%,correspondingly.In conclusion,after the modification treatment of SBCPA,the BD and main mechanical strength of C.faberii were significantly improved,the VSOD was sig-nificantly reduced,and the EC and LOI were also modified to varying degrees.

关 键 词：大白藤 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 糠醇 锡铋镉铅合金 改性 物理力学性能 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]