偏心轮组驱动马铃薯收获机混沌振动特性分析与试验研究  

Analysis and experimental study on chaotic vibration characteristics of potato harvester driven by eccentric wheel group

作　　者：苏继龙 黄伟锋[2] SU Jilong;HUANG Weifeng(School of Intelligent Construction,Fuzhou University of International Studies and Trade,Fuzhou 350202;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350108)

机构地区：[1]福州外语外贸学院智能建造学院,福州350202 [2]福建农林大学机电工程学院,福州350108

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第6期1086-1092,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(2016J01001);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2019130S)共同资助。

摘　　要：针对目前我国小型马铃薯收获机振动筛振动频率单一的问题,设计一种欠驱动偏心轮组激振器使马铃薯收获机振动筛产生混沌振动特性,以期提供筛体多频率振动和提高土薯分离效果。首先建立由3个偏心轮构成的偏心轮组混沌激振器力学模型,并基于Simulink仿真程序完成对轮组激振器的混沌特征的识别;同时,采用振动筛台架虚拟样机进行仿真和搭建振动台架试验,并采集筛体加速度数据进一步验证在激振器作用下,振动筛具有宽频输出特性;最后应用离散元法建立椭球形和类球形马铃薯模型和土壤颗粒模型,利用ADAMS与EDEM软件进行耦合仿真,分析在混沌振动下筛上马铃薯的运动速度和受力情况以及土块的运动状态。结果表明:所设计的偏心轮组激振器能够带动马铃薯收获机筛体产生混沌振动;在驱动转速300 r·min-1时马铃薯满足向后抛送要求,椭球形和类球形马铃薯筛上受到的最大压力均小于马铃薯破损所能承受的极限平均压力值且土壤破碎和透筛现象明显。Aiming to address the problems of single vibration frequency of the vibrating screen of the small potato harvester in China,an underactuated mechanism was designed to make the vibrating screen of the potato harvester produce chaotic vibration characteristics in order to improve the separation effect of the potato.The mechanical model of the eccentric wheel group shaker which composed of three eccentric wheels was established,and a simulation program model was constructed using Simulink to identify the chaotic features of the shaker.The experiment and the simulation utilizing a virtual prototype of a vibrating screen stand were set up to further verify that the vibrating screen has the characteristic of wide frequency under the action of the shaker.Subsequently,the potato model and soil particle model were established by discrete element method to analyze the motion velocity and collision pressure of potato under chaotic vibration of the vibrating screen.The results showed that the designed vibration exciter of eccentric wheel group had chaotic characteristics;it was experimentally proven that the vibrating screen produces remarkable chaotic vibration characteristics by the three-eccentric linkage mechanism.When the driving speed is 300 r·min-1,the potatoes can meet the requirements of backward throwing.The maximum pressure of ellipsoidal potatoes and spheroid potatoes is all less than the mean value of the potato failure limit pressure and the phenomenon of soil crushing and sieving is obvious.

关 键 词：马铃薯收获机 振动筛 混沌振动 离散元 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]