广狭两义的茶马古道——兼谈广义茶马古道与万里茶道的关系  

The Broad and Narrow Sense of the Tea Horse Road--And the Relationship Between the Tea Horse Road and Great Tea Route in Broad Sense

作　　者：孙华[1,2] SUN Hua(School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Quanzhou Cultural Heritage Research Institute,Quanzhou Fujian 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [2]泉州文化遗产研究院,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《自然与文化遗产研究》2025年第1期3-12,共10页Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：“茶马古道”与“丝绸之路”“香料之路”和“陶瓷之路”一样,是以古代某交通线路的主要贸易物品为标志的文化交流路线的命名,是服务于当今社会经济和文化建设的概念。茶马古道有狭广两义:狭义的茶马古道主要指宋明两代基于“茶马互市”的国家战略所开展的、以茶换马行为所利用的道路及相关设施的统称;广义的茶马古道则是指“茶马互市”政策终止后的清代至近代的茶土贸易所使用道路网络,万里茶道就属于广义茶道中长江中游与蒙古高原之间的以茶土贸易为代表的商路。狭义的茶马古道有2条:一条是以蜀道为基础的陆路和汉水水路;另一条是成都至康定的古道。广义的茶马古道则主要有川康茶道、松茂茶道、滇藏茶道、西北茶道、蒙古茶道(万里茶道)5条。研究、保护和利用茶马古道需要明确其不同的含义并确定恰当的范围。The“Tea Horse Road”,like the“Silk Road”,“Spice Road”and“Ceramic Road”,is the name of a cultural exchange route characterized by the main trade items of an ancient transportation line,serving the contemporary concept of economic and cultural construction of today’s society.The Tea Horse Road has both broad and narrow senses:the narrow sense of Tea Horse Road mainly refers to the roads and related facilities used in the act of exchanging tea for horses based on the national strategy of“tea horse trade”during the Song and Ming dynasties;the broad sense of Tea Horse Road refers to the road network used for tea and local product trade from Qing Dynasty to modern times after the policy of tea and horse trade was terminated.The Great Tea Route falls under the tea road in broad sense and is the trade route for tea and local product trades between the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Mongolian Plateau.In the narrow sense,there are two Tea Horse Roads:one is the land road based on the Shu Road and the Han Water road,and the other is the ancient road from Chengdu to Kangding.In the broad sense,the Tea Horse Road mainly includes Chuankang Tea Road,Songmao Tea Road,Yunnan-Xizang Tea Road,Northwest Tea Road and Mongolian Tea Road,this 5 trade route constitutes the Great Tea Route.To study,protect and utilize the Tea Horse Road,it is necessary to clarify its different meanings and establish the appropriate scope.

关 键 词：茶马互市 茶马古道 万里茶道 古代交通 线路遗产 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]