基于ArcGIS软件的古代交通路线复原方法——以《行商遗要》为例  

Reconstruction of Ancient Traffic Routes Based on ArcGIS--A Case Study of Xingshang Yiyao

作　　者：姜湾 JIANG Wan(National Museum of China,Beijing 100005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100005

出　　处：《自然与文化遗产研究》2025年第1期13-24,共12页Study on Natural and Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：目前学术界对于古代交通路线的探讨多集中于交通节点的选择,对交通路线的具体量化和分析研究较少。文章将应用ArcGIS软件中的最小成本分析模块,结合人类步行速度与坡度的关系函数,在数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)的数据基础上,从行进过程中能量消耗最少的角度出发,构建古代交通路线的线路模型,对古代交通路线进行定量化表示。另外,还采用天地图的二、三级公路数据进行了路线还原,并与文章提出的方法作相应的路程和时间损耗对比分析。结合实地调查对沿线遗存与道路的关系进行了定量分析,得到文章方法具有一定可靠度的结论。参考历史文献记载,提取古代团队行进时间数据,并获得古代团队行进的交通路线与时间损耗计算关系函数。结论为:采用最小成本分析方法进行古代交通路线复原,既有助于在未有可靠公路数据时重建交通道路网格,也可结合已有公路数据为历史上文化、政治、军事交流道路的时间损耗为精细的定量化数据提供参考。At present,academic discussions on ancient traffic routes are mostly focused on the selection of traffic nodes,with few studies on the specific quantification and analysis of traffic routes.In this paper,we apply the minimal cost analysis module in ArcGIS,combined with a function that links human walking speed to slope,based on the data of Digital Elevation Model(DEM),constructed a route model for ancient traffic routes from the perspective of the minimal energy consumption during travel,and quantitatively represented these routes.In addition,the second-and third-level highway data of Map World was used for route reduction,and the corresponding distances and time losses were compared and analyzed with the method proposed in this paper.Combined with field investigations,the paper made a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the remains and the routes,providing evidence of the reliability of the method used.By referring to historical records,this paper extracted data on the travel times of ancient teams and derived the relationship function between the traffic routes and time losses.It was concluded that using the minimal-cost analysis method to restore the ancient traffic routes can help to reconstruct the traffic grids when there is no reliable road data,and this method can also be combined with existing road data to provide a more detailed quantitative reference for the time losses associated with historical cultural,political,and military exchange routes.

关 键 词：ArcGIS软件 最小成本分析 古代道路 交通路线还原 最短路径 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学] P208.2[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]