千米深井自然崩落法矿山块度预测及分布规律研究  

Study on block size prediction and distribution patterns in a kilometer⁃deep mine using the natural caving method

作　　者：童建华 Tong Jianhua(Zijin Mining Group Co.,Ltd.;Serbia Zijin Mining Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 [2]塞尔维亚紫金矿业有限公司

出　　处：《黄金》2025年第2期13-17,共5页Gold

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2903904)。

摘　　要：针对国外某斑岩型铜矿自然崩落法块度预测,基于矿区工程地质调查、地应力测试、自然崩落设计等参数,采用Monte Carlo模拟技术和BCF软件分析和预测崩落块度、放出块度和卡斗情况。预测分析结果表明:该矿山初始块度大块率较高,初始块度体积大于2 m^(3)占比为44.19%~48.01%。放出块度在崩落初期大块率较高,随着放矿高度增大,放出块度逐渐降低,尤其是在60 m放矿高度时由原有的20%~25%降低为10%左右。对比分析了4种不同尺寸聚矿槽卡斗情况,在崩落初期漏斗堵塞率均大于20%,放矿过程中易产生堵塞;当聚矿槽尺寸增大至12 m×5.0 m时,聚矿槽堵塞程度明显缓和。该研究成果为自然崩落法矿山采矿设计和放矿控制提供了重要依据。Focusing on block size prediction for a porphyry⁃type mine abroad using the natural caving method,this study,based on the parameters such as engineering geological survey,ground stress testing,and natural caving design,employed the Monte Carlo simulation technique to analyze and predict caving block size,extracted block size,and fun⁃nel blockages.The prediction results indicate that the initial block size exhibits a high proportion of large blocks,with blocks larger than 2 m^(3)accounting for 44.19%-48.01%.During the early stage of extraction,the extracted block size also showed a high proportion of large blocks,but this gradually decreased with increased draw height,particularly at 60 m,where the proportion dropped from the initial 20%-25%to approximately 10%.A comparative analysis of fun⁃nel blockages in 4 drawpoints of different sizes revealed that all funnels experienced a blockage rate of over 20%in the early caving stage,with frequent blockages during ore extraction.However,enlarging the drawpoint size to 12 m×5.0 m significantly mitigated blockage severity.This research provides critical insights for mining design and extraction con⁃trol in mines using the natural caving method.

关 键 词：深部开采 自然崩落法 块度预测 放矿高度 大块率 初始块度 BCF系统 聚矿槽 

分 类 号：TD853.36[矿业工程—金属矿开采]