中国劳动力技能素质水平时空演变及障碍因子诊断  

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Obstacle Factor Diagnosis of China’s Labor Force Skill Quality Level

作　　者：王蓉 张勇 Wang Rong;Zhang Yong(School of Labor Union,China University of Labor Relations,Beijing 100048,China;School of Labor Economics,China University of Labor Relations,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国劳动关系学院工会学院,北京100048 [2]中国劳动关系学院劳动经济学院,北京100048

出　　处：《统计与决策》2025年第4期63-68,共6页Statistics & Decision

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BJY049);中华全国总工会工会理论研究会(中国特色社会主义工会发展道路研究会)2024年度委托课题(2024-QZYJH-01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(24ZYJS010)。

摘　　要：实施就业优先战略,健全终身职业技能培训制度,提升劳动力技能素质,是解决我国结构性就业矛盾和提升就业质量的重要措施。基于此,文章构建了中国劳动力技能素质水平综合评价指标体系,采用熵权TOPSIS法测度2003—2020年我国30个省份的劳动力技能素质水平,并结合Moran’s I分析其时空演变特征,采用障碍因子模型判定影响劳动力技能素质水平提升的主要障碍因子。结果表明,考察期内我国劳动力技能素质水平整体呈现上升趋势,且不同省份及区域劳动力技能素质水平表现为非均衡提升;空间分布上地理集聚特征明显,四大地区内各个省份及区域间地理位置邻近省份的劳动力技能素质水平差距较小;技能培训与技能鉴定是制约我国劳动力技能素质水平提升的主要障碍因子。Implementing the employment priority strategy,improving the lifelong vocational skills training system,and elevating the skill quality of the labor force are important measures to solve the structural employment contradiction and improve the employment quality.On this basis,this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of the skill quality level of China’s labor force,adopts the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure the skill quality level of labor force in 30 provinces of China from 2003 to 2020,and uses Moran’s I to analyze its spatiotemporal evolution characteristics,and employs the obstacle factor model to determine the main obstacle factors that affect the improvement of labor force skill quality level.The results go as below:During the inspection period,the overall skill quality level of China’s labor force shows an upward trend,and the skill quality level of labor force in different provinces and regions shows unbalanced improvement.In terms of spatial distribution,there is a significant geographical agglomeration feature,and there is a small gap in the skill quality level of labor force among provinces within the four major regions and neighboring provinces in their geographical locations.Skill training and skill appraisal are the main obstacles to improving the skill quality level of China’s labor force.

关 键 词：劳动力技能素质 综合评价 时空演变 障碍因子 

分 类 号：F249.21[经济管理—劳动经济]