小学生可自由支配时间与压力水平的关系:与父母交流时间的中介效应和使用电子产品时间的掩蔽效应  

Relationship between primary school students’discretionary time and stress levels:mediating effect of communication time with parents and masking effect of time spent using electronic products

作　　者：薛娟娟 李新影[1,2] XUE Juanjuan;LI Xinying(Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2025年第1期55-58,共4页Journal of Bio-education

摘　　要：目的探究小学生可自由支配时间与压力水平的关系,并考察与父母交流时间和使用电子产品时间在其中的中介作用。方法采用问卷法对北京市2所小学三至五年级的学生进行调查,共收获有效问卷427份。采用改良的中文版压力知觉量表(Chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)测量小学生自我感知的压力水平,通过自编问题调查小学生每日的可自由支配时间、与父母交流时间以及电子产品使用时间等信息。对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果可自由支配时间能够直接负向预测压力水平(β=-1.39,P=0.002)。与父母交流时间在可自由支配时间与压力水平之间的中介效应显著,间接效应的95%CI为-0.42~-0.04;使用电子产品时间在可自由支配时间与压力水平之间的掩蔽效应显著,间接效应的95%CI为0.16~0.72。结论可自由支配时间的增加可以降低小学生的压力水平,但受到活动内容的影响。若将可自由支配时间用来与父母交流,将有助于缓解压力;若用于使用电子产品,则反而会增加压力水平。Objective To explore the relationship between primary school students’discretionary time and stress levels,and investigate the mediating roles of their communication time with parents and time spent using electronic products.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on students from grades three to five in two primary schools in Beijing,and 427 valid questionnaires were collected.The students’self-perceived stress levels were measured by the modified Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS).The students’daily discretionary time,communication time with parents,and time spent using electronic products were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire.The relevant data were statistically analyzed.Results Discretionary timedirectly negatively predicted stress levels(β=-1.39,P=0.002).The mediating effect of communication time with parents between discretionary time and stress levels was significant,with an indirect effect 95%CI of-0.42 to-0.04.The masking effect of time spent using electronic products between discretionary time and stress levels was significant,with an indirect effect 95%CI of 0.16 to 0.72.Conclusion The increase of discretionary time can reduce the stress level of primary school students,but it is influenced by the content of activities.If discretionary time is used to communicate with parents,it will help alleviate stress.If discretionary time is used for electronic products,it will actually increase the stress level.

关 键 词：可自由支配时间 与父母交流 使用电子产品 压力水平 小学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]