皖南地区儿童肺炎支原体感染流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiologic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in southern Anhui Province

作　　者：李凯 章姝琪 程伟 张士发 Li Kai;Zhang Shuqi;Cheng Wei;Zhang Shifa(The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Wuhu,Anhui 241001,China;Department of Pediatrics,Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu,Anhui 241001,China)

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院第一附属医院,安徽芜湖241001

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔医学院学报》2025年第3期274-277,共4页Journal of Qiqihar Medical University

基　　金：皖南医学院中青年自然科学基金(WK2022F35)。

摘　　要：目的 分析皖南地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特征,为该地区儿童MP感染的预防、诊断以及治疗提供参考依据,从而减少MP感染给患儿、家庭以及社会带来的影响和危害。方法 回顾性分析2023年1—12月本院门急诊收住入院治疗的2285例呼吸道感染的患儿的临床资料,所有患儿均行肺炎支原体抗体(MP-IgM)检测(化学发光法),结合患儿年龄、性别、发病季节、呼吸道疾病类型以及肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的临床分型等因素进行流行病学分析。结果 在2285例患儿中,MP-IgM血清学检测阳性率为55.19%,女性患儿检出率(60.24%)高于男性患儿(51.21%)(P<0.01)。<1岁患儿MP-IgM检出率最低(23.08%),6~14岁患儿检出率最高(72.68%),MP-IgM检出率随患儿年龄增加而增高(P<0.01)。夏秋季是肺炎支原体感染的高峰期,检出率分别是(60.14%、62.52%P<0.01)。各种呼吸道疾病中急性上呼吸道感染MP-IgM检出率最低(25.50%)(P<0.01),大叶性肺炎MP-IgM检出率最高(79.97%)(P<0.01)。轻症MPP在<3岁患儿中检出率最高(90.38%)(P<0.01),重症和危重症在6~14岁患儿检出率最高,分别是(38.33%、8.35%P<0.01)。结论 皖南地区MP感染女童高于男童,全年皆有阳性病例发生,夏秋季节高发,MP-IgM检出率随患儿年龄增加而增高,轻症MPP主要发生<3岁患儿、重症以及危重症MPP主要发生在6~14岁儿童,疾病类型以大叶性肺炎为主。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infections in children in southern Anhui Province,and provide references for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of MP infections in this region,thereby reducing the impact and harm of MP infections on children,their families,and society.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 2,285 children with respiratory tract infections admitted to the outpatient and emergency departments from January to December 2023.Mycoplasma pneumoniae-IgM antibodies were tested using chemiluminescence in all patients,and epidemiological analysis was performed based on factors such as age,gender,onset season,respiratory disease type,and clinical classification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP).Results Among the 2,285 children,the positive rate of MP-IgM serologic testing was 55.19%.The detection rate in female children(60.24%)was higher than in male children(51.21%)(P<0.01).The detection rate of MP-IgM was lowest in children under 1 year old(23.08%)and highest in children aged 6-14 years(72.68%),increasing with age(P<0.01).Summer and fall were the peak periods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection,with detection rates of 60.14%and 62.52%,respectively(P<0.01).The detection rate of MP-IgM was lowest in acute upper respiratory tract infections(25.50%)(P<0.01)and highest in lobar pneumonia(79.97%)(P<0.01).The detection rate of mild MPP was highest in children under 3 years old(90.38%)(P<0.01),while the detection rate of severe and critical MPP was highest in children aged 6-14 years,at 38.33%and 8.35%,respectively(P<0.01).Conclusions MP infections are more prevalent in girls than boys in southern Anhui.Positive cases occur throughout the year,with a higher prevalence in summer and fall.The detection rate of MP-IgM increases with age.Mild MPP mainly occurs in children under 3 years old,while severe and critical MPP predominantly occur in children aged 6-14 years,with lobar pneumonia being the most common type of disease.

关 键 词：肺炎支原体 大叶性肺炎 流行病学 呼吸道感染 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]