农村集体经济组织成员退出的规范逻辑与路径选择  

The Normative Logic and Institutional Path of the Withdrawal of Membership of Rural Collective Economic Organizations

作　　者：罗瑞芳[1] LUO Ruifang

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院法治研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第1期45-63,共19页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(项目编号:22&ZD202)的研究成果。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国农村集体经济组织法》在确认农民集体成员资格及成员权的基础上,首次在法律层面提出了成员退出的概念并作出原则性规定。农村集体经济组织与农民集体具有同一性,农村集体经济组织成员退出实质上即为农民集体成员退出,会产生退出集体产权及组织的法律后果。其成员退出遵循以自愿退出为主、严格限制法律强制退出、同时尊重集体自治退出的原则。其成员退出制度与土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权及集体收益分配权等“三权”退出制度既相对独立,又密切联动。以自愿申请退出为主线,可以将“三权”退出纳入成员退出程序;针对进城落户农民,可以通过集体自治方式要求成员退出并反作用于“三权”退出的实现。成员退出的协商补偿机制和保留财产权益的补偿方案,有利于弥补“三权”退出制度的不足。The Rural Collective Economic Organizations Law of China,on the basis of confirming the membership qualification and members’rights of peasant collectives,puts forward the legal concept of membership withdrawal for the first time and provides principled provisions.Rural collective economic organizations and peasant collectives have the same identity,the withdrawal of rural collective economic organization membership is essentially the withdrawal of peasant collective membership,which leads to the legal consequences of withdrawal from collective ownership and organization.The membership withdrawal follows the principle of primarily voluntary withdrawal,strictly limiting the application of compulsory withdrawal by law,and respecting withdrawal based on the the collective autonomy.The system of membership withdrawal and the system of withdrawal of the"three rights",i.e.the right to land contracting for agricultural operations,the right to use rural land as a residential lot and the right to distributed collective income,are independent and closely linked.With voluntary application for withdrawal as the main line,the"three rights"withdrawal can be included in the membership withdrawal procedure;As for the peasants who settled in cities,they could be quit by means of collective autonomy and react to the realization of the withdrawal of the"three rights".The negotiation compensation mechanism for membership withdrawal and the compensation plan for retaining property rights and interests put forward requirements for making up for the deficiencies of the"three rights"withdrawal system.

关 键 词：农村集体经济组织成员 成员退出 “三权”退出 退出补偿 

分 类 号：DF413.8[政治法律—经济法学]