法定犯与自然犯:非法吸收公众存款罪的二元判断——从法政策学转向法教义学的分析  

Statutory Offense&Natural Offense:Dualistic Determination of the Crime of Illegally Taking Deposits from the General Public-An Analysis Shifted from the Legal Policy Studies to Legal Dogmatics

作　　者：潘星丞 PAN Xingcheng

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第1期64-79,共16页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“基于裁判说理的中国特色刑法教义学话语体系构建研究”(项目编号:21AFX009);广东省法学会委托课题“民营企业融资的刑法风险及其化解研究”(项目编号:GDLS(2024)C9)的研究成果。

摘　　要：为了限缩适用非法吸收公众存款罪,现有研究采用法政策学的范式,从政策目标倒推解决方案,在法制定、法解释层面对法益进行重新解读,或根据法效果归纳裁判经验,但均未获成功。应将研究范式转向法教义学,将研究重点转向法适用。非法吸收公众存款罪具有法定犯与自然犯的双重属性,应进行二元判断,其法理基础在于推定原理。该罪的法益金融秩序可还原为资金安全,而资金安全无法通过证据证明,只能进行事实推定;推定关系中构成要件与基础事实的分离,隐含着二元判断的可能性。基础事实因融资结构及安全规范的不同,可区分为法定犯属性的间接融资,与自然犯属性的直接融资,这决定了二元判断的必然性。法定犯与自然犯虽然都具有四性特征,但四性的内部关系及判断方法不同,呈现不同的适用规则,从而可以在不改变构成要件及其法益设定的前提下,区别对待间接融资与直接融资,从定罪和量刑上合理限缩处罚。In order to narrow the scope of the crime of illegally taking deposits from the general public,existing research follows the paradigm of legal policy studies by deducing solutions from policy objectives and reinterpreting legal interests at the legislative and law-interpretive levels,or summarizing judicial experience based on legal effects.However,these efforts have not been successful.The research paradigm should shift towards legal dogmatics,with a focus on legal application.The crime of illegally taking deposits from the general public possesses dual attributes of statutory and natural offenses,necessitating a dualistic determination.Its jurisprudential foundation lies in the principle of presumption.The legal interest of this crime,namely financial order,can be reduced to fund security,which cannot be proven through evidence and can only be presumed based on facts.The separation of constituent elements and basic facts in the presumption relationship implies the possibility of dualistic determination.Depending on the financing structure and safety regulations,basic facts can be divided into indirect financing with the attribute of statutory offense and direct financing with the attribute of natural offense,which determines the necessity of dualistic determination.Although both statutory and natural offenses possess four characteristics,the internal relationships and determination methods among these characteristics differ,presenting different application rules.This allows for the differentiation between indirect and direct financing without altering the constituent elements and their associated legal interests,thereby reasonably narrowing penalties in terms of conviction and sentencing.

关 键 词：非法吸收公众存款罪 法定犯 自然犯 法教义学 事实推定 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]