长江口北支邻近水域鳗苗网兼捕仔稚鱼群聚变化调查  

Investigation of By-catch Fish Larvae and Juveniles Community Collected by Elver Net in Adjacent Water Area of North Yangtze River Estuary

作　　者：闫欣[1] 葛慧 王储庆 施金金[1] 汤建华[1] 王燕平[1] YAN Xin;GE Hui;WANG Chuqing;SHI Jinjin;TANG Jianhua;WANG Yanping(Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nantong,Jiangsu 226007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《水产养殖》2025年第2期7-15,共9页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：江苏省渔业生态与监测项目(2022-SJ-061-01);南通市科技项目(MS12021085)。

摘　　要：于2022年2—4月,对长江口北支邻近水域鳗苗网兼捕仔稚鱼群聚进行了调查,在该水域设置3个站点进行定点监测。结果表明,共采集到仔稚鱼7598尾,隶属于14科20种,其中海洋性种类12种,河口性种类5种,洄游性种类2种,无淡水性种类。中国花鲈在2月21—24日(小潮)和3月1—4日、3月14—17日(大潮)为优势种;大黄鱼在3月1—4日、3月14—17日(大潮)为优势种,焦氏舌鳎在2月21—24日、3月22—23日、3月27—28日、4月7—10日(小潮)和4月1—4日(大潮)为优势种。焦氏舌鳎的平均单位努力渔获量最高,为104.26尾/网。长体刺虾虎鱼、方氏锦鳚、海鳗、小黄鱼和拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼在大潮期间的体长中位数大于小潮期间。指出,小潮期间的鳗苗捕捞对仔稚鱼损害约为大潮期间的2倍。提出,应制定相关管理措施,限制或取消小潮汛期间的鳗苗捕捞,研发新型鳗苗捕捞网具以降低兼捕率。In order to grasp the variation of by-catch fish larvae and juveniles community collected by elver net in adjacent water area of north Yangtze River estuary,three survey stations were set up to conduct research from February to April 2022.The results showed that a total of 7598 fish larvae and juveniles were collected,belonging to 14 families and 20 species,including 12 marine species,5 estuarine species,2 migratory species,and no freshwater species.Lateolabrax maculatus was the dominant species from February 21st to 24th(neap tide),March 1st to 4th(spring tide),and March 14th to 17th(spring tide);Larimichthys crocea was the dominant species from March 1st to 4th(spring tide)and March 14th to 17th(spring tide),while the Cynoglossus joyneri was the dominant species from February 21st to 24th(neap tide),March 22nd to 23rd(neap tide),March 27th to 28th(neap tide),April 7th to 10th(neap tide),and April 1st to 4th(spring tide).The average unit effort catch of Cynoglossus joyneri was the highest,at 104.26 individuals per net.The median body length of Acanthogobius elongata,Pholis fangi,Muraenesox cinereus,L.polyactis,and Odontamblyopus lacepedii was greater during spring tide than during neap tide.It was pointed out that the fishing of eel during neap tides caused about twice the damage to juvenile fish as during spring tides.It was proposed that relevant management measures should be formulated to restrict or cancel the fishing of eel during neap tide floods,and to develop new types of eel fishing nets to reduce bycatch rates.

关 键 词：长江口 鳗苗网 兼捕 仔稚鱼 大小潮 

分 类 号：S937.3[农业科学—渔业资源]