植物雄核发育分子机制的研究进展  

Advances in molecular mechanisms of androgenesis in plants

作　　者：孙思敏 夏林杰 王彦芹[2] 杨细燕[1] 张献龙[1] SUN Simin;XIA Linjie;WANG Yanqin;YANG Xiyan;ZHANG Xianlong(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室/植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2025年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：新疆南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划项目(2022DB012)。

摘　　要：植物雄核发育是植物体的花药或小孢子在离体培养过程中,小孢子离开原来的配子体发育途径进入胚胎发育途径,形成小孢子胚进而形成单倍体的过程,是产生双单倍体的重要过程。在作物育种过程中可以利用雄核发育再生植株进行加倍,有效缩短育种周期,提高目标基因型的选择效率,快速获得稳定的纯系植株。植物雄核发育的阶段可分为小孢子胚性能力的获得、小孢子分裂形成多细胞结构、小孢子胚胎形成时期,这些过程受植物基因型、供体植株生长条件和生理状态以及诱导条件等因素的影响。与体胚发生类似,植物雄核发育是一系列基因在时空顺序上表达调控的结果,包括胚胎能力获得相关调节基因、响应胁迫相关基因、抑制配子体途径基因。本研究主要从雄核发育的各个阶段、影响因素以及不同阶段的基因表达调控这三个方面,对植物雄核发育的研究进展进行综述和展望,为植物单倍体育种提供理论依据。Plant androgenesis is the most commonly used method to produce doubled haploid,in which the anther or microspore of a plant deviates from the original gametophyte development pathway and enters the embryo development pathway,forming microspore embryo and then haploid plant.It can be used to shorten the breeding cycle,improve the selection efficiency of target genotypes,and quickly obtain stable pure line plants during crop breeding.The stages of androgenesis in plants can be divided into the acquisition of embryogenic ability of microspore,the division of microspore into multicellular structure,and the stage of microspore embryogenesis.These processes are affected by plant genotype,growth condition and physiological state of the donor plant,induction conditions and other factors.In this paper,the research progress of the stages,the influencing factors and the regulation of gene expression in different stages of plant androgenesis was reviewed,which would provide theoretical basis for plant haploid breeding.

关 键 词：雄核发育 小孢子 胚胎 基因表达 

分 类 号：Q944.46[生物学—植物学]