新疆巴楚县域农田土壤养分现状评价  

Evaluation of soil nutrient status of farmland in Bachu County, Xinjiang

作　　者：张聪 白新禄 李天乐 吴洋 师勇强[5] 支金虎[1,2,3] ZHANG Cong;BAI Xinlu;LI Tianle;WU Yang;SHI Yongqiang;ZHI Jinhu(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Efficient Production of Characteristic Crops in the Arid Area of Southern Xinjiang,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Southern Xinjiang Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Center,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Bachu Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Kashgar,Xinjiang 844000;Cotton Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,Henan 455000)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]南疆干旱区特色作物遗传改良与高效生产兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]南疆绿洲农业资源与环境研究中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]巴楚农业农村局,新疆喀什844000 [5]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2025年第1期76-82,共7页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目(TDZKCX202301)。

摘　　要：为全面了解新疆巴楚县土壤养分现状,于2022年采集巴楚县10个乡镇共1 500个土壤样品,测定样品中有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、pH值。结果显示,巴楚县农田土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量和pH值分别为11.49 g/kg、0.71 g/kg、45.1 mg/kg、13.8 mg/kg、147.8 mg/kg和8.02。参照全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量主要处在第四级、第五级、第五级、第四级、第三级。土壤有机质含量呈东南部及西部较高,中部及北部较低的空间分布特征;土壤全氮含量呈西南部和东北部高、中部低的空间分布特征;土壤碱解氮含量呈“插花式”空间分布特征;土壤速效磷含量呈现斑点状空间分布特征;土壤速效钾含量呈现集中分布特征,喀什噶尔河流域以及叶尔羌河中部偏北区域相对较高。与第二次土壤普查南疆土壤样品相比,碱解氮、速效磷含量大幅增加,速效钾含量大幅下降。结合巴楚县生产实际,农户在生产过程中应增施有机肥和钾肥,合理控制氮肥、磷肥的施用。In order to comprehensively understand soil nutrients status in Bachu County,Xinjiang,1500 soil samples were collected from 10 townships in Bachu County in 2022, and the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH in which were determined. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, totalnitrogen, alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value of farmland soil in Bachu County were 11.49 g/kg, 0.71 g/kg, 45.1 mg/kg, 13.8 mg/kg, 147.8 mg/kg and 8.02, respectively. According to the nutrient classification standards of the second national soil survey, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were mainly in the fourth, fifth, fifth, fourth and third levels. The spatial distribution characteristic of soil organic matter content was higher in the southeast and west, and lower in the middle and north. The soil total nitrogen content showed a spatial distribution pattern of high in southwest and northeast, low in middle. The spatial distribution of soil alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen exhibited a "flower pattern". The spatial distribution of soil available phosphorus content was spotty. The soil available potassium content showed a concentrated distribution feature, with relatively high levels in the Kashgar River basin and the central northern region of the Yarkand River. Compared with the soil samples from southern Xinjiang during the second soil survey,the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased significantly, while the content of available potassium decreased significantly. Based on the actual production in Bachu County, farmers should increase the application of organic fertilizer, control the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer reasonably, and increase the application of potassium fertilizer during the production process.

关 键 词：巴楚县 土壤养分 养分含量 空间分布 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学]