从“自发型现代化”到“自觉型现代化”——关于历史研究中“现代化范式”的方法论反思  

From"Spontaneous Modernization"to"Conscious Modernization"——Methodological Reflection on"Modernization Paradigm"in Historical Research

作　　者：李剑鸣[1] LI Jian-ming(Department of History and Institute of Global History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系暨全球史研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《江南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期5-20,共16页Journal of Jiangnan University:Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：在当今国内外史学界,关于现代化的历史研究依然具有活力,其进一步发展也面临一些方法论上的问题。从现代化的历史阶段着眼,可尝试将世界历史中的现代化进程划分为“自发型”和“自觉型”两种类型。前者是17-19世纪发生在北大西洋世界的没有“现代化”之名的现代化,后者则是自19世纪末以降逐渐在全球各地扩散开来的基于“现代化方案”的现代化。以这两种现代化的历史类型为基点,可以对现代化史学的方法论问题进行有深度的反思。现代化(尤其是“自发型现代化”)作为历史研究的对象,在很大程度是研究者借助“现代化”理念而建构的“社会事实”,需在历史学常规方法之外引入新的研究方法,并从语境出发对研究题材和研究方式加以精细的“历史化”。同时,由于现代化史学高度依赖现代化理论,因而对于国内外各种现代化理论须加以仔细辨析,并以实证研究的方式与之形成有效的对话。In today's domestic and foreign historiography circles,the historical research on modernization still has vitality,and its further development also faces some methodological problems.From the perspective of the historical stage of modernization,the modernization process in world history can be divided into two types:"spontaneous"and"conscious".The former is the factual modernization without the name"modernization"that took place in the North Atlantic world in the 17th and 19th centuries,while the latter is the modernization based on the"modernization program"that has gradually spread around the world since the end of the 19th century.Based on these two types of modernization,we can deeply reflect on the methodology of modern historiography.Modernization(especially"spontaneous modernization"),as the object of historical research,is to a large extent a"social fact"constructed by researchers with the help of the concept of"modernization".New research methods should be introduced besides the conventional methods of history,and the research themes and research methods should be carefully"historicized"from the context.At the same time,because modernization historiography is highly dependent on modernization theory,it is necessary to carefully distinguish various modernization theories at home and abroad,and form an effective dialogue with them by means of empirical research.

关 键 词：现代化理论 现代化史学 方法论 历史化 

分 类 号：K15[历史地理—历史学]