粉煤灰空心微珠@碳纳米管的吸波性能研究  

Study on the wave-absorbing properties of fly ash cenospheres@carbon nanotubes

作　　者：张晓民[1] 党小来 高红洁 陈天星 刘佳博 李嘉晨 刘晨曦 李修身 ZHANG Xiaomin;DANG Xiaolai;GAO HongJie;CHEN Tianxing;LIU Jiabo;LI Jiachen;LIU Chenxi;LI Xiushen(School of Resource Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an Shaanxi 710055,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an Shaanxi 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学资源工程学院,陕西西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2025年第2期52-58,共7页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-420);咸阳市科技局重点研发计划项目(2021ZDYF-GY-0034);西安建筑科技大学2023年大学生创新创业国家级项目(202310703003)。

摘　　要：粉煤灰是在煤炭燃烧过程中,由煤炭中的无机矿物质成分在高温下熔融、氧化后所形成的颗粒状物质,我国粉煤灰年排放量超过8亿t,空心微珠(CSs)是其中附加值最高的成分之一。本研究以CSs为原料、乙烯为碳源气体,利用化学气相沉积法在CSs表面原位生长碳纳米管(CNTs),制备出具有一定吸波性能的多孔空心微珠@碳纳米管(CSs@CNTs)微球,并考察其微观结构和吸波性能。结果表明:CSs@CNTs微球表面覆盖一层薄绒状的褶皱CNTs,CNTs管径在30 nm左右;CSs@CNTs微球的反射损耗在频率为9.12 GHz、匹配厚度为4.4 mm时达-20.29 dB,其低于-10 dB以下的有效吸收带宽为5 GHz;CSs@CNTs微球独特的多孔中空结构增加了电磁波在材料中的多重反射,优化了阻抗匹配;此外,在电损耗与磁损耗的协同作用下,提高电磁波的衰减常数可使CSs@CNTs微球的电磁吸收效果进一步增强。Fly ash is a granular material formed by the melting and oxidation of inorganic minerals in coal at high temperature during coal combustion.The annual emission of fly ash in China exceeds 800 million tons,and hollow microspheres(CSs)are one of the components with the highest added value.In this study,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were grown in situ on the surface of CSs by CVD method using CSs as raw materials and ethylene as carbon source gas.Porous hollow microspheres@carbon nanotubes(CSs@CNTs)microspheres with certain microwave absorption properties were prepared,and their microstructure and microwave absorption properties were investigated.The results show that the surface of CSs@CNTs microspheres is covered with a layer of thin fluffy wrinkled CNTs,and the dia-meter of CNTs is about 30 nm.The reflection loss of CSs@CNTs microspheres reaches-20.29 dB at 9.12 GHz with a matching thickness of 4.4 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth below-10 dB is 5 GHz.The unique porous hollow structure of CSs@CNTs microspheres increases the multiple reflection of electromagnetic wave in the material and optimizes the impedance matching.In addition,under the synergistic effect of electrical loss and magnetic loss,the electromagnetic absorption effect of CSs@CNTs microspheres can be further enhanced by increasing the attenuation constant of electromagnetic wave.

关 键 词：粉煤灰 空心微珠 电磁波 吸波性能 阻抗匹配 磁损耗 

分 类 号：X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]