夫妻共有股权的三重维度及其处分与分割——《民法典婚姻家庭编解释(二)》第9-10条评析  

Three Dimensions of Spousal Jointly Owned Equity with its Disposition and Division:An Analysis of Articles 9-10 of the Judicial Interpretation(II)of the Marriage and Family Part of the Civil Code

作　　者：汪洋[1] Wang Yang

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2025年第1期58-72,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：国家社科基金哲学社会科学领军人才项目“社会主义核心价值观与我国民商事立法及司法解释优化研究”(批准号:24VRC054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：夫妻共有股权应当从公司法、财产法以及婚姻法三重维度理解其性质与权属结构。公司法维度指共有股权显名方针对公司行使的一系列管理性和财产性权利;财产法维度涉及对作为财产权的共有股权本身的处分;婚姻法维度根据出资来源、夫妻约定以及共同财产制三类事由,共有股权中的财产性权益构成夫妻共同财产。离婚时不应根据显名化的持股比例分割或确定夫妻内部各自的股权份额。夫妻一方擅自处分共有股权在婚姻法维度构成无权处分;财产法维度下“无权处分+善意取得”与“有权处分+恶意串通”两条路径的效果并无实质区别。受让方可否获得股权取决于多项具体因素下综合判定是否属于正常商事交易。离婚时夫妻共有股权的分割客体不是出资额,若未显名配偶不主张获得股权,则获得股权转让款或者依评估价值进行补偿;未显名配偶也可直接获得股权,其他股东享有优先购买权,通过竞价、协商以及市场评估方式确定优先购买价格。The nature and ownership structure of spousal jointly owned equity should be understood from three dimensions:company law,property law,and marital law.The company law dimension focuses on the managerial and property rights exercised by the nominal holder of the equity within the company;the property law dimension pertains to the disposition of jointly owned equity as a property right;from the marital law dimension,the property-related rights in jointly owned equity constitute marital property based on three factors:the source of investment,spousal agreements,and the joint property regime.Upon divorce,the division or determination of each spouse’s share in the equity should not be based solely on the nominal shareholding proportion.If one spouse disposes of the jointly owned equity without authorization,this constitutes unauthorized disposition under marital law.From the property law perspective,the outcomes of“unauthorized disposition+bona fide acquisition”and“authorized disposition+malicious collusion”are substantively identical.Whether the transferee can acquire the equity depends on a comprehensive assessment of specific factors to determine whether the transaction qualifies as a bona fide commercial transaction.In divorce,the subject of division for spousal jointly owned equity is not the capital contribution.If the non-nominal spouse does not claim equity ownership,they may receive the equity transfer proceeds or compensation based on the assessed value.Alternatively,the non-nominal spouse may directly obtain the equity,while other shareholders retain a preemptive purchase right.The preemptive purchase price is determined through bidding,negotiation,or market valuation.

关 键 词：夫妻共有股权 未显名配偶 持股比例 单方转让股权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]