继父母子女拟制血亲关系的形成、效力与解除——《民法典婚姻家庭编解释(二)》第18-19条评析  

Formation,Effect,and Termination of the Quasi-Blood Relationship Between Stepparents and Stepchildren——Focusing on Articles 18-19 of the Interpretation(Ⅱ)of the Marriage and Family Section of the Civil Code

作　　者：薛宁兰 Xue Ninglan

机构地区：[1]大理大学法学院 [2]中国法学会婚姻家庭法学研究会

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2025年第1期73-86,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：为对继父母子女关系进行必要规制,《民法典》第1072条第2款设定条件,使符合该条件的继亲间的权利义务适用本法关于父母子女的规定。《民法典婚姻家庭编解释(二)》第18条明示认定继亲间抚养教育事实的各项因素。其中,共同生活是建立亲子间共同生活体的必要事实行为,但非唯一因素。如果继父母与继子女仅有共同生活外观,而没有对继子女进行生活照料、未履行对继子女的家庭教育职责、未承担继子女的抚养费,亦不能认定他们之间形成抚养教育的事实或关系。《民法典》对继亲关系拟制的效力及于抚养与赡养、代理与保护以及相互遗产继承。继亲关系可因生父母与继父母离婚解除,《民法典婚姻家庭编解释(二)》第19条就继亲拟制血亲关系解除的原则、条件以及关系解除后继父母的生活费请求权等作出规定。这一规定明确了法律适用标准,增强了司法解释的可操作性,有利于保护当事人权益,维护社会与家庭的和谐稳定。In order to regulate the relationship between stepparents and stepchildren,Article 1072(2)of Chinese Civil Code sets conditions for the rights and obligations of stepparents and stepchildren who meet these conditions to apply the provisions of this law regarding parents and children.The Supreme People's Court applies Article 18 of Judicial Interpretation(Ⅱ)of the Marriage and Family Part of the Civil Code to explicitly recognize the various factors that contribute to the fact of upbringing and education between stepparents and stepchildren.Among them,cohabitation is a necessary factual behavior for establishing a parent-child cohabitation,but it is not the only factor.If stepparents and stepchildren only have a common appearance of living together,without taking care of their stepchildren,failing to fulfill parents’education responsibilities for stepchildren,and not bearing the cost of raising stepchildren,it cannot be determined that there is a fact or relationship of upbringing and education between them.The effectiveness of the Civil Code in formulating the concept of step in relationship extends to custody and support,agency and protection,as well as mutual inheritance of property.The stepparent relationship can be terminated due to the divorce of the biological parents and stepparents.Article 19 of the Judicial Interpretation(Ⅱ)of the Marriage and Family Part of the Civil Code stipulates the principles,conditions,and the right of subsequent parents to request living expenses for the proposed termination of blood relationship by stepparents.This regulation clarifies the standards for legal application,enhances the operability of judicial interpretations,and is conducive to protecting the rights and interests of parties and maintaining harmony and stability between society and families.

关 键 词：继父母 继子女 拟制血亲 抚养教育事实 效力 解除 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]