直播间里的“夕阳红”:乡村老年人数字接入中的劳动实践与关系重塑  

Chasing the Sunset in Livestreaming:The Digital Transformation of Labor and Relationships among Rural Senior Citiztns

作　　者：徐婧[1] 曾维珊 Xu Jing;Zeng Weishan(Xi'an Jiaotong University;Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学新闻与新媒体学院,陕西西安710049 [2]中山大学新闻传播学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2025年第2期20-32,共13页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BXW061);国家社会科学基金青年项目(24CXW030)。

摘　　要：在当前老龄化与数字化叠加的社会背景下,中国老年人群体如何无障碍地接入数字社会并参与数字实践,是实现社会主义现代化的应有之意。旨在破除老年人数字劳动问题的固有预设,摆脱数字劳动“异化”与“剥削”的简化解释路径。回归劳动者主体性与能动性的视角,勾勒出即符合现实,又具有建设意义的老年人数字接入及数字劳动图景。以网络直播间为线上田野,使用非参与式观察和半结构式访谈收集经验材料。研究发现,在完成数字接入的老年人中,呈现出“玩转直播间”的多元数字实践,并通过“深层表演”建构出特殊的社会关系想象。透过老年主播的自我叙事,理解老年群体数字劳动的多重意义:他们并非全然被动断连的弱者。我们理应看到数字接入为老年群体带来的社会参与感,创造出证明自我价值的新空间,并为其晚年时光注入了追逐生命意义的动力及价值。In the current social context characterized by an aging population and the overlay of digitalization,how China's elderly population accesses the digital society and engages in digital practices is an essential component of building a comprehensive well-off society.This paper aims to challenge the inherent assumptions surrounding the digital labor and labor participation of the elderly,break away from the simplistic path dependency of“alienation”and“exploitation”in digital labor,and return to the process of constructing the subjectivity and agency of the laborers.It seeks to depict a realistic and constructive picture of the elderly's digital access and digital labor.Using live streaming rooms as the online field,the study employs non-participatory observation and semi-structured interviews to collect empirical materials.The findings reveal that among the elderly who have achieved digital access,there is a diverse range of digital practices demonstrated in“mastering the live streaming room,”and they construct a unique social relational imagination through“deep performance.”Another group of elderly hosts relies on“digital intermediaries”to access the digital live streaming platforms,being projected into the live streaming space like marionettes.Through the self-narratives of these two types of elderly hosts,we can understand the multiple meanings of the elderly group's digital labor in short video production.They are not entirely passive or disconnected individuals,nor are they objects of“exploitation”and“alienation.”We should recognize the sense of social participation that digital access brings to the elderly group,the new space for proving self-worth,and the dynamism and value it injects into their later years in the pursuit of life's meaning.

关 键 词：直播 老年主播 劳动 代际 乡村 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]