平台基础设施、数字主权与新地缘政治——一项基于抖音和TikTok的研究  

Platform Infrastructure,Digital Sovereignty,and New Geopolitics:A Study Based on Douyin and TikTok

作　　者：刘洁 刘战伟 Liu Jie;Liu Zhanwei(Renmin University of China;Minzu University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学新闻学院,北京100873 [2]中央民族大学新闻与传播学院,北京100081

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2025年第2期97-108,共12页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：中国人民大学2022年度中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金(22RXW185);国家社会科学基金青年项目(24CXW014)。

摘　　要：互联网平台的基础设施化,使其成为超越国家领土与主权的全球公共品与公共事业,却难免数据主权与安全方面的国别纠纷,导致新型地缘政治冲突。本文以抖音和Tik-Tok的并行平台化为案例蓝本,聚焦中国、美国、印度与欧盟等全球主要数字平台创新与应用地区,分析其引发的并行平台化与基础设施化、数字主权与日常数据安全、网络空间的新型地缘政治冲突三大主题。中国平台的逆向扩散使其站在了地缘政治冲突的最前沿。新地缘政治与传统地缘问题相互交融影响,“数据民族主义”使“互联网”走向基于主权国家的“局域网”;而平台尽管在某些层面具备了超国家权力,却被视为“政治闯入”的角色,成为国际地缘政治博弈的筹码与各方的争夺之物;美国对中国的多轮制裁,则具有“数字冷战”的色彩,投射出对平台企业成为“政治代理人”的忧惧与阴霾。可见,民族国家始终是全球竞争的核心主体,并主导着平台政治的秩序,TikTok面临的困境是中国平台全球化挑战的缩影。但是,零和博弈的观念只会增加全球结构性风险和集体脆弱性,冲突的反面亦存在广阔的合作可能。Internet platforms’infrastructuralization makes digital platforms become global public goods and public utilities that transcend national territory and sovereignty,but it is difficult to avoid national disputes in data sovereignty and security,leading to new geopolitical conflicts.This study is based on the parallel platforms of Douyin and TikTok,this paper focuses on major global digital platform innovation and application regions such as China,the United States,India and the European Union,and analyzes three major themes of parallel platformization and infrastructuralization,digital sovereignty and daily data security,and new geopolitical conflicts in cyberspace triggered by platforms.With economic development and technological progress,the reverse diffusion of Chinese digital platforms has sparked fears among other sovereign countries that platforms are becoming“political agents”.Although the platform has supranational power to some extent,it still assumes the role of“political intrusion”,subject to the jurisdiction of sovereign states,and becomes a chip in the international geopolitical game and a thing contested by all parties.Therefore,the nation-state remains a central player in global competition and dominates the order of platform politics.

关 键 词：互联网平台 地缘政治 基础设施 数字主权 平台政治 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]