面向市县级国土空间总体规划的传染病风险评估方法及其实践  

RISK ASSESSMENT OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE IN TERRITORIAL MASTER PLANNING AT CITY AND COUNTY LEVELS:METHODOLOGY AND PRACTICE

作　　者：王兰[1,2] 张钰彤 贾颖慧 刘晓 WANG Lan;ZHANG Yutong;JIA Yinghui;LIU Xiao

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]中国城市规划学会城乡治理与政策研究专业委员会 [3]上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司启明规划设计所 [4]中国城市规划学会

出　　处：《城市规划》2025年第2期110-118,共9页City Planning Review

基　　金：高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室(同济大学)暨上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司联合自主课题“面向规划方案的健康影响评估模型与应用”(KY-2022-LH-A03);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“120城市急救交通服务规划方法体系研究”(2023-4-YB-02)资助。

摘　　要：病媒传染病是一种控制和预防难度较高的传染病,由蚊鼠等媒介生物传播,与城乡空间关联紧密,但当前风险评估方法未能充分考虑空间要素。我国正在建构的国土空间规划体系可以通过调整空间要素来影响媒介生物的活动,从而减少病媒传染病风险。在此背景下,提出一种基于空间计算、以共边率为核心指标、融入多元影响因子的病媒传染病风险评估方法。该方法需明确不同病媒的特点野外栖息地,基于其与建设用地的交互界面长度计算共边率;同时纳入景观多样性和人口密度等因子,测算、明确传染性疾病的高风险区。以云南省云龙县为例,采用提出的方法对该地区不同病媒传染病类型进行了风险评估,并相应提出优化建议。该方法可为国土空间规划中的建设边界划定、生态保护与修复等提供依据。Vector-borne diseases,which are transmitted by mosquitoes and other vector organisms,are one of the infectious diseases that are dificult to control and prevent.The association between vector-borne diseases and spatial elements such as eco-boundary and growth boundary has been gradually recognized.Current methods for risk assessment of vector-borne diseases usually lack the consideration of spatial elements which could be adjusted in planning.This paper proposes a new method with a focus on eco-boundary and growth boundary in territorial planning.Indicator called"co-edge rate"refers to the length of the human-wildlife interface per unit area.It is raised to capture the interaction between anthropogenic activities and vectors,as well as wildlife hosts.Other indicators including population density and biodiversity are also included in the assessment.To test the feasibility and robustness of the method,the risk assessment of vector-borne disease for Yunlong County is conducted and strategies and principles for disease prevention during the formulation of territorial planning are proposed.The method can be applied to provide a basis for the delineation and adjustment of construction boundary and the protection and restoration of ecosystems in territorial planning.

关 键 词：健康城市 病媒传染病 健康影响评估 风险评估 国土空间规划 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] R183[医药卫生—流行病学]