青藏高原富锂温泉分布特征及成因机理初探  

Preliminary study on the distribution characteristics and genesis of lithium rich thermal springs in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：潘晟 赵平[1,2] 杨照应 官辉 国卫 刘晓明 孙亚莉[1] 岳雅慧 PAN Sheng;ZHAO Ping;YANG ZhaoYing;GUAN Hui;GUO Wei;LIU XiaoMing;SUN YaLi;YUE YaHui(State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China;Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Lhasa 850000,China;Geothermal Geological Team,Xizang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Lhasa 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局,拉萨850000 [4]西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局地热地质大队,拉萨850032

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第3期938-949,共12页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0804);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2015)联合资助.

摘　　要：锂(Li)是一种重要的战略性矿产资源,青藏高原部分温泉的锂含量已达到工业开采品位。深入研究富Li温泉(Li>15mg/L)的分布特征和成因机理,可以更好地评估地热型锂资源的商业开发价值。本文概括总结了青藏高原温泉中有关锂组分的研究历史和进展。基于现有资料,编制了青藏高原温泉Li含量分布图,探讨了富Li温泉在大地构造上的分布特征。通过多种同位素示踪分析,我们认为富Li温泉的锂组分主要源于围岩淋滤,地壳深部热源为水-岩相互作用提供了热能。地热水在上升通道中发生水-气两相分离,也将促使Li组分富集,富集系数可达1.4。在深循环过程中,地热水的化学组分和同位素组成在一定程度上记载着深部岩石的地球化学信息,这对于深刻理解大陆碰撞过程中壳幔物质的演化有着重要的意义。Lithium(Li),a critical strategic mineral resource,is enriched in thermal springs across the southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,with some springs reaching mining-grade concentrations.However,the sources,enrichment mechanisms,and regional distribution of Li in these geothermal waters remain poorly constrained,hindering the exploration and utilization of this resource.This paper summarizes the history and advances in understanding the origin of geothermal lithium in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.We synthesize our data and published data to map the spatial distribution of Li concentrations in the Plateau s thermal springs and propose a threshold for defining Li-rich springs(Li>15mg/L).We analyze their tectonic controls and geochemical origins,offering critical insights for assessing the commercial viability of geothermal lithium.Based on multiple-isotope tracing,we suggest the primary source of geothermal lithium is the leaching of host rocks.Additionally,the deep heat source facilitates water-rock interaction.During the up-flow of geothermal waters,boiling and steam loss can lead to an enrichment of lithium in the geothermal waters of up to 1.4 times.The chemical components and isotopic ratios of geothermal waters serve as fingerprints that record geochemical information of deep-seated host rocks.It is vital for understanding the evolution of crust-mantle materials during continental collisions.Furthermore,the integrated development of geothermal resources and lithium extraction from geothermal waters presents significant socioeconomic benefits,highlighting the dual potential of this resource for sustainable development.

关 键 词：青藏高原 富Li温泉 分布特征 成因机理 

分 类 号：P592[天文地球—地球化学] P618.71[天文地球—地质学]