可可西里布喀达坂峰热泉中锂铷铯分布规律及其富集机制  

The distribution patterns and enrichment mechanisms of lithium,rubidium,and cesium in the hot springs of the Bukatage Mountains,Hoh Xil

作　　者：朱镇源 孔凡翠[1,2] 王建萍 左进超[4] 雷占昌 杨英魁 史晖炀 李绍军 ZHU ZhenYuan;KONG FanCui;WANG JianPing;ZUO JinChao;LEI ZhanChang;YANG YingKui;SHI HuiYang;LI ShaoJun(Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China;Qinghai Nuclear Industry Geology Bureau,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,盐湖资源绿色高值利用重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]香港大学,中国香港 [5]青海省核工业地质局,西宁810001 [6]青海大学,西宁810016

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第3期983-994,共12页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2022QZKK0201);青海省自然科学基金(2024-ZJ-906);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划(YSBR-039)联合资助.

摘　　要：柴达木盆地盐湖的源区布喀达坂峰热泉对盐湖锂、铷和铯等战略资源的补给具有重要的作用,为了探讨热泉水中锂、铷和铯等资源元素的分布规律及其富集机制,测试了热泉水化学、稳定同位素(δD和δ^(18) O)以及元素含量。研究结果表明:(1)热泉的水化学类型比较复杂,主要为Na-Cl、Ca-HCO_(3)和Ca-Na-HCO_(3)混合型;(2)热泉中锂、铷和铯含量具有高值和低值的特征,高值比低值高2~3个数量级,从山坡到山脚热泉中锂、铷和铯含量增加;位于山坡垂直上喷的汽泉中的锂、铷和铯含量低(平均分别为10.6μg/L、19.9μg/L、11.0μg/L),与该区浅层地下水和河水中的含量接近,且Rb/Cs>1,其成因为深部地热流体分离出的地热蒸汽加热的浅循环入渗水。位于山脚侧向和垂直喷出的热泉以及汇集的热泉中的锂、铷和铯含量高(平均分别为69.1mg/L、11.5mg/L、18.8mg/L),这种热泉水中的铷和铯类似于西藏热泉的分布模式,即Rb/Cs<1,但锂和铷高于西藏热泉的含量,其成因为深部地热水;(3)氢氧同位素组成显示:热泉来源于岩浆水、大气降水和浅循环地下水,并且热泉上升过程中与浅循环入渗地下水发生了混合;(4)热泉中锂、铷和铯受深部岩浆水的水岩反应、高温浅层地下水的风化淋滤、表层蒸发浓缩等多种作用的控制,其富集过程经历了深部岩浆水水岩反应上涌,经过浅层地下热水硅酸盐风化淋滤,在地表汇集蒸发浓缩而富集。本研究丰富了对热泉锂、铷和铯等稀有金属富集机制的理论认识。The Bukatage Mountains hot springs in the source area of the Qaidam Basin salt lakes play a crucial role in supplying strategic resources such as lithium(Li),rubidium(Rb),and cesium(Cs)to the salt lakes.To investigate the distribution patterns and enrichment mechanisms of these elements in hot spring,the hydrochemistry types,stable isotopes(δD andδ^(18) O),and element concentrations of the hot springs were tested.The results indicate that:(1)The hydrochemical types of the hot springs are relatively complex,primarily consisting of Na-Cl,Ca-HCO_(3),and Ca-Na-HCO_(3) mixed types;(2)The concentrations of Li,Rb,and Cs in the hot springs exhibit both high and low values,with high values being 2~3 orders of magnitude greater than the low values.From the hillside to the foot of the mountain,the concentrations of these elements increase.The fumarole hot springs,which eject vertically on the hillside,have low Li,Rb,and Cs concentrations(averaging 10.6μg/L,19.9μg/L,and 11.0μg/L,respectively),similar to the concentrations in shallow groundwater and river water in the region,and exhibit Rb/Cs>1.This is attributed to shallow circulating infiltrated water heated by geothermal steam separated from deep geothermal fluids.In contrast,the hot springs that eject laterally and vertically at the foot of the mountain,as well as the converged hot springs,show high concentrations of Li,Rb,and Cs(averaging 69.1mg/L,11.5mg/L,and 18.8mg/L,respectively).The Rb and Cs distribution patterns in these hot springs are similar to those observed in Tibetan hot springs(Rb/Cs<1),but the Li and Rb concentrations are higher than in Tibetan hot springs,indicating the influence of deep geothermal water.(3)The hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicate that the hot springs originate from magmatic water,atmospheric precipitation,and shallow circulating groundwater.During the upward migration of the hot springs,mixing with shallow circulating infiltrated groundwater occurs.(4)The enrichment of Li,Rb,and Cs in the hot springs is controlled by mul

关 键 词：锂、铷和铯元素 可可西里热泉 水岩作用 地下水风化淋滤 蒸发浓缩 

分 类 号：P592[天文地球—地球化学] P618.7[天文地球—地质学]