青藏高原盐湖卤水锂矿Li、Rb、Cs来源定量估算及其成矿意义:以当雄错为例  

Quantitative estimation of Li,Rb,Cs sources and its metallogenic significance in the brine lithium deposits in the Tibetan Plateau:A casestudy of Dangxiong Co.

作　　者：李胜群 叶传永[2,3] 赵元艺[2,3] 陈文西[2,3] 王新元 LI ShengQun;YE ChuanYong;ZHAO YuanYi;CHEN WenXi;WANG XinYuan(China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Salt Lake and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Tibetan Plateau Salt Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部盐湖与环境重点实验室,北京100037 [3]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部青藏高原盐湖野外科学观测研究站,北京100037

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第3期995-1013,共19页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2022QZKK0201);中国地质调查项目(DD20243280);国家自然科学基金(91962219);企业委托项目(HE2210)联合资助.

摘　　要：Li、Rb、Cs是我国重要的关键矿产,已成为科技创新、经济发展的重要战略资源。青藏高原盐湖卤水中含有大量Li、Rb、Cs资源。深入研究卤水中这些资源的来源,特别是对其进行定量估算,可为该类型资源找矿突破和后续的综合利用工艺提供理论基础。当雄错盐湖位于西藏当惹雍错-许如错裂谷北部,区内水热活动频繁,卤水中Li、Rb、Cs含量高,具有巨大开采价值,是青藏高原极具代表性的富锂盐湖。本研究对采自当雄错的湖水、河水、围岩样品进行系统的元素地球化学、碳、氧同位素研究,结合前人资料,结果表明:(1)当雄错盐湖卤水中Li、Rb、Cs主要来自南部水系(曲如、曲热白玛河及面康落玛)、北部水系(玉扎河)、东部基岩裂隙水,其初始来源分别为中地壳部分熔融体、围岩风化、硅酸盐岩水/岩反应。(2)以中地壳部分熔融体为初始来源的南部水系是当雄错盐湖卤水中Li、Rb、Cs的主要补给源,分别占到其总来源的94.7%、96.3%、88.1%。(3)中地壳部分熔融体5.80ka开始补给当雄错,早于当雄错形成独立湖盆之前。(4)在封闭湖盆、丰富物质来源及干旱气候三者耦合作用下逐渐演变为现今的当雄错盐湖卤水Li、Rb、Cs矿床。以上研究结果为探索盐湖卤水Li、Rb、Cs的成矿机理提供重要依据,为以后找矿提供方向。Li,Rb and Cs are important key metals in China and have become important strategic resources for scientific and technological innovation and economic development.There are a lot of Li,Rb and Cs resources in salt lake brine on Tibetan Plateau.In-depth research on the sources of these resources in brine,especially quantitative estimation,can provide theoretical basis for the breakthrough of prospecting and subsequent comprehensive utilization of this type of resources.Dangxiong Co,located in the north of Tangra Yum Co-Xuru Co Rift,has frequent hydrothermal activities and high contents of Li,Rb and Cs in the brine,and as a result,it is an extremely representative brine lithium deposit in the Tibetan Plateau with great mining values.In this study,the element geochemistry,carbon and oxygen isotopes of lake water,river water and surrounding rock samples collected from Dangxiong Co were systematically studied,and combined with previous data,the results showed that:(1)Li,Rb and Cs in the brine of Dangxiong Co mainly come from the southern water system(Quru,Qure Baima river and Miankangluoma),the northern water system(Yuzha river)and the eastern bedrock fissure water.The initial sources are partial melting of the middle crust,weathering of surrounding rocks and water-rock reaction of silicate rocks,respectively.(2)The southern water system with partial melting of the middle crust as the initial source is the main supply source of Li,Rb and Cs in the brine of Dangxiong Co,accounting for 94.7%,96.3%and 88.1%of the total sources respectively.(3)Partial melting of the middle crust began to recharge Dangxiong Co at 5.80ka,earlier than the formation of an independent lake basin.(4)Under the coupling effects of closed lake basin,rich material sources and arid climate,it gradually evolved into the present bittern Li,Rb and Cs deposit in Dangxiong Co.The above results provide an important basis for exploring the metallogenic mechanism of Li,Rb and Cs in salt lake brines,and provide a direction for future prospecting.

关 键 词：锂铷铯 物质来源 裂谷 盐湖 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P592[天文地球—地球化学] P595[天文地球—地质学]