我国实现“双碳”目标面临的现实挑战与对策建议  

The Realistic Challenge and Countermeasures to Realize the"Dual Carbon"Goals in China

作　　者：杜祥琬[1,2,3,4] Du Xiangwan

机构地区：[1]中国工程院 [2]中国工程物理研究院 [3]国家气候变化专家委员会 [4]俄罗斯国家工程院

出　　处：《学术前沿》2025年第2期13-19,共7页Frontiers

摘　　要：实现碳达峰碳中和是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革,需要提高战略思维能力,科学把控工作节奏,突出整体性、关联性和协同性。要立足我国能源资源禀赋实际情况,把握好能源的安全、经济和绿色之间的辩证关系,以关键技术的重大突破来支撑和实现“双碳”目标。要提升经济发展质量和效益,以产业结构优化升级为手段来实现经济发展与碳排放脱钩;打造清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系;加快构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统,安全稳妥实现电力行业净零排放;以电气化和深度脱碳技术为支撑,推动工业部门碳排放有序达峰和渐进中和;通过高比例电气化实现交通工具低碳转型,推动交通部门实现碳达峰碳中和;以突破绿色建筑关键技术为重点,实现建筑用电用热零碳排放;强化实现碳中和“最后一公里”的碳移除托底技术保障;加快构建减污降碳一体谋划、一体部署、一体推进、一体考核机制,建立健全减污降碳协同推进的战略、规划、政策和行动体系。To achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a broad and profound economic and social systemic change.It is necessary to improve the ability of strategic thinking,maintain the pace of work in a scientific manner,and highlight the integrity,correlation and synergy of the"dual carbon"work.Based on the actual situation of China's energy resource endowment,it is also necessary to grasp the dialectical relationship between energy security,economy and green development,and use major breakthroughs in key technologies to support and achieve the"dual carbon"goal.It is important to improve the quality and efficiency of economic development so as to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure as a means to decouple economic development from carbon emissions;build a clean,low-carbon,secure and efficient energy system;accelerate the construction of a new power system with a gradually increasing proportion of new energy,and safely and steadily achieve net zero emissions in the power sector;promote orderly peaking and gradual neutralization of carbon emissions in the industrial sector,supported by electrification and deep decarbonization technologies;promote the transport sector to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals with lowcarbon transformation of transport vehicles through high proportion of electrification;focus on making breakthroughs in the key technologies of green buildings to achieve zero carbon emissions of buildings for their heating systems and electricity consumption;strengthen the technical support for carbon removal to achieve carbon neutrality's"last mile";accelerate the establishment of a mechanism for integrated planning,deployment,promotion and assessment of carbon reduction;and establish a sound strategy,planning,policy and action system for integrated pollution reduction and carbon reductio.

关 键 词：碳达峰 碳中和 能源革命 技术创新 可持续发展 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]