人工智能助力工业领域碳中和的机制与关键  

Mechanisms and Keys of Artificial Intelligence Enabling Carbon Neutrality in Industry

作　　者：王灿[1,2] Wang Can

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院党委 [2]清华大学碳中和研究院减污降碳协同中心

出　　处：《学术前沿》2025年第2期36-44,共9页Frontiers

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“实现联合国可持续发展目标的国家治理体系研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:23JZD042。

摘　　要：工业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,也是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的主战场。蓬勃发展的人工智能(AI)技术为工业脱碳带来了新的机遇。通过推动低碳技术要素的升级变革、丰富和强化数据要素的关键作用、促进各类要素的组合优化与协同配置以及变革性提升人力资本质量,AI将深刻影响工业领域的生产力与生产关系,助力工业领域实现“双碳”目标。在这一过程中,需充分挖掘并发挥工业数据要素的作用,着力提升AI赋能的精准性和系统性,并积极关注可能衍生的公平性问题。当前,应加快建设工业数据要素市场;积极开展研究和示范,提升AI技术与应用场景的适配度;突破“单点赋能”模式,构建以“产业链协同”为核心的AI赋能体系;通过优化转移支付体系、加强反垄断监管、加大教培投资和积极参与全球治理等方式,着力应对AI赋能工业的“双刃剑”效应。Industry is the pillar sector of China's national economy and the main battleground for achieving carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI)have introduced significant opportunities for industrial decarbonization.By driving the transforming of low-carbon technological factors,enriching and strengthening the pivotal role of data factors,promoting the optimization and synergy of various factors,and elevating the human capital,AI will profoundly impact the forces and relations of production in the industrial sector,and support the realization of the dual carbon goals.In this context,it is crucial to strategically explore and leverage the role of industrial data factors,enhance the compatibility and holistic integration of AI applications,and actively address the potential equity issues that may arise.Currently,efforts should concentrate on expediting the establishment of the industrial data market,conducting research and demonstrations to improve the compatibility between AI technologies and application scenarios,transitioning away from isolated"point solutions"and toward an"industrial chain collaboration"model.Furthermore,mitigating the"double-edged sword"effect of AI applications should be prioritized through optimizing transfer payment systems,strengthening anti-monopoly regulations,increasing investment in education and training,and actively participating in global governance.

关 键 词：工业 碳达峰碳中和 人工智能 公平性问题 数据要素 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] F426.22[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]