辽上京城址出土植物遗存研究  

Study of plant remains from the Shangjing(Upper Capital)City of the Liao Dynasty

作　　者：钟华 董新林[2] 汪盈[2] ZHONG Hua;DONG Xinlin;WANG Ying(Key Laboratory of Archaeological Sciences and Cultural Heritage,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院科技考古与文化遗产保护重点实验室,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第1期12-23,共12页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目资助(20&ZD251)。

摘　　要：近年来,内蒙古巴林左旗辽上京城址开展了系统的植物考古工作,为了解辽金为代表的少数民族政权统治时期的生业和消费模式提供了重要的线索。在城址金元时期遗存中,发现了极其丰富的植物遗存,包括十一种农作物,五十余种非农作物遗存。尤其是在城址中“一号街”为代表的古代生活区,植物遗存的发现尤为突出。这些农作物组合结构显示出以粟、黍为主的多品种旱作农业种植体系;非农作物遗存中则包含了大量可能的家畜饲草种子,为畜牧发展的程度和规模提供了重要线索;西瓜、亚麻等外来作物出现在了上京城的一般性民居,而大麻、葡萄属种子的特殊保存背景也为了解其利用方式提供了证据。通过与周边辽金时期已发表植物考古研究的比较,可以发现遗址等级、族群等因素对本地生业模式、农业种植结构选择上的影响。In recent years,systematic archaeobotanical work has been carried out at the Shangjing(Upper Capital)City of the Liao Dynasty,offering crucial data on subsistence and consumption patterns during the periods of minority regimes,such as the Liao and Jin Dynasties.Through flotation work,extremely rich plant remains were found at several sites of the Jin Dynasty at the Shangjing City,involving 11 species of crops and more than 50 species of non-crop remains.Especially in the ancient living area such as the“1st street(Yihao Jie)”of the Shangjing City,the discovery of plant remains was particularly prominent.The combination of crops showed a dry-land agricultural system based on multispecies but dominated by foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum),while the non-crop remains contained a large number of possible livestock forage seeds,providing an important clue for the degree and scale of animal husbandry development.Exotic crops such as watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)and flax(Linum usitatissimum)appeared at general residential sites,and the special preservation context of cannabis(Cannabis sativa)and grape(Vitis sp.)seeds also provided evidence for better understanding of their utilization.By the comparison with studies of plants of the same periods nearby,we could also trace the influences of site level,ethnic group and other factors on the local subsistence model and the crop selection.

关 键 词：辽上京城址 生业模式 植物考古 金元时期 

分 类 号：K851[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]