宁夏姚河塬遗址出土朱砂研究  

Analysis of cinnabar samples from the Yaoheyuan site,Ningxia

作　　者：周佳依 马强[2] 褚黎明 方辉[1] 董豫 ZHOU Jiayi;MA Qiang;CHU Liming;FANG Hui;DONG Yu(Institute of Cultural Heritage,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Yinchuan 750001)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院,山东青岛266237 [2]宁夏回族自治区文物考古研究所,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2025年第1期32-40,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA217)资助;山东大学青年交叉科学创新群体项目(2020QNQT018)资助。

摘　　要：宁夏姚河塬遗址是我国西北地区重要的西周封国都邑性城址,该遗址出土了大量红色粉末物质。本研究对部分红色粉末样品进行拉曼和粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)分析后,大部分样品鉴定为朱砂,仅一例样品鉴定为赤铁矿。对姚河塬城址出土朱砂进行硫同位素检测分析发现该遗址的朱砂硫同位素值较为集中,可能来自同一产地。与我国其他遗址出土朱砂的硫同位素值比较后发现,除个别遗址外,周代各遗址出土朱砂的硫同位素值都非常接近,其原因需要更多遗址的数据以及其他证据(如汞同位素)来共同验证。The Yaoheyuan site,located in Pengyang County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,was the capital of a feudal state from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period.The site covers an area of 920000 m 2,where city walls,moats,palace foundations,bronze casting workshops,and elites’burials have been excavated since 2017.In addition,more than 150 oracle bone inscription characters have been found,documenting important historic events.The excavation of the Yaoheyuan site provides critical evidence to study the political landscapes of Western Zhou states,the relationship between the Zhou Dynasty and its northwestern neighbors,and the city layouts and cemeteries of feudal states in the Western Zhou Dynasty.Some red powders were found at 38 burials of Yaoheyuan.The practice of spreading red powder at the bottom of burials has attracted scholar’s attention in recent years.Based on previous analytical results,those red powders are either red ochre or cinnabar,both of which were important mineral pigments in ancient China.Due to its scarcity,cinnabar carried special cultural and symbolic meanings,and gradually became an important part of mortuary rituals during the Bronze Age.Identifying the red powders at Yaoheyuan as red ochre or cinnabar and further exploring its provenance can shed light on the social and economic networks during the Western Zhou Dynasty.In this study,we carried out Raman spectrometry and X-ray diffraction(XRD)on 25 red powder samples from 20 burials of Yaoheyuan.On one hand,even though Raman spectrometry is quick and easy to do,it is sometimes affected by fluorescence generated by samples;hence,it does not apply to all cases.On the other hand,XRD analysis can complement and accurately identify compositions.According to the results,most of the red powder samples were identified as cinnabar,only Sample PYN03 from Burial M4 was identified as red ochre.Based on the XRD result,we found that the cinnabar and red ochre samples were mixed with quartz,calcite,kaolinite,and muscovite,whic

关 键 词：西周 朱砂 拉曼光谱分析 X射线衍射 硫同位素 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]